478 
EEPOET ON THE ENPLOEATION OF BEIXHAM CAVE. 
“ Fragments of antlers of other Deer ; species undetermined. 
“ TIrsus sjjelceus. — Lower jaws of young and old individuals with numerous detached 
canines and other teeth in fine preservation. A superb specimen of a left hind leg, 
comprising the femur, tibia, and fibula folded together, with the patella and astragalus 
in situ. These were found near the ‘ Ebur chasm and the other parts of the skeleton 
may be looked for when that portion of the cavern is dug up. 
“ Hycena spelaea. — Teeth, fragments of the skull, lower jaws, and other bones. 
“ The above is nothing like a complete list of the animal remains found in the cave ; 
but, considering that the workings have hitherto been restricted to the least productive 
and superficial deposits, it will suffice to show that the anticipations formed of the cavern 
were not too sanguine, and that the excavations are well worthy of being followed up 
vigorously ; some of the results already arrived at are of great general interest. 
“5. Human Industrial Remains (V). — Several well-marked specimens of the objects 
called ‘ Flint Knives,’ and generally accepted at the present day as the early products 
of rude Keltic or pre-Keltic industry, have been exhumed from different parts of the 
cavern, mixed in the ochreous earth indiscriminately with remains of Rhinoceros , Hycena , 
and other extinct forms. One of these so-called ‘ Flint Knives ’ was brought up from 
the deposit No. 2 from a depth of 30 inches below the superficial stalagmite No. 1. We 
failed in detecting evidence that these so-called 6 Flint Knives ’ were of a different age, 
as regards the period of their introduction, from the bones of the extinct animals occurring 
in the same stratum of cave-earth, or that they were introduced into the cavern by dif- 
ferent agencies. Schmerling discovered, in the caves of Engis and Chokier, near Liege, 
well-marked flint knives and arrow-heads mingled, in the ochreous mud and gravel, 
with the bones of extinct mammalia, which he inferred had been washed in by the 
agency of running water; these included Mammoth , Rhinoceros , and Hycena. Delpon 
and Jouannet have made corresponding observations as to a similar mixture in the caves 
of Quercy and Perigord ; Marcel de Serres, De Christol, Tournal, and Dumas have 
inferred the same, in numerous caves in the south of France. The attention of Mr. 
Pengelly has been closely directed to a careful and minute observation of the circum- 
stances of the association in the Brixham cavern. The results of the exploration of 
each day are carefully put aside and labelled ; and it may be anticipated that data will 
be arrived at for settling the disputed question of the contemporaneous introduction, or 
otherwise, of the supposed human industrial objects into the cavern along with the 
remains of the extinct mammalia. 
“ 6. One result of great interest has already been brought out, namely, the superposition 
of undoubted remains of the Reindeer above the so-called { Flint Knives,’ from which 
the inference arises that the ‘ Reindeer ’ continued to be an inhabitant of Britain after 
the appearance of man in this island. A fine horn of a Reindeer, nearly perfect from 
the basal burr to the terminal branches of the beam, and presenting a bez-antler 17 
inches long terminating in palmated snags, was discovered, superficially imbedded in the 
stalagmite, close to the ‘ Ebur chasm.’ Near the same place a flint knife was brought up 
