520 
REPORT OX THE EXPLORATION OE BRTXHAM CAVE. 
belonged to the same animal, and, like the former, presents all the characters of the 
corresponding tooth in the existing Horse. 
Other specimens found in this part of the cavern worthy of note are part of the 
lower jaw containing the three hinder molars in situ , and the three anterior molars 
belonging to the same jaw and found together with it and an astragalus in association 
in the same spot with bones of the Rhinoceros, Bear, and Hyaena, as well as with 
the tibia of a young Hare, the os magnum of Cervus elaphus, and the cervical vertebra 
of a small species of Bos. The bone of the jaw in question, which, together with the 
others above mentioned, was found 86 feet from the entrance of the Gallery at a depth 
of 3 feet in the third bed, is nearly white, and its surface is partially incrusted, espe- 
cially on one side, with a thin layer of crystalline stalagmite. It nowhere presents the 
slightest trace of metallic impregnation. So far as its appearance goes, therefore, it 
would appear to have belonged to a superficial level, probably in direct contact with, if 
not above, the stalagmite floor ; and this supposition seems to be strengthened by its 
association with the bones of the Hare, Stag, and small Ox, all of which are in exactly 
the same condition as similar remains in other parts of the cavern, and found for 
the most part only in the uppermost or on the surface of the third bed and in imme- 
diate contact with the stalagmite. On the other hand, the bones of Rhinoceros and 
Hyaena are clearly, from their condition, of vastly greater antiquity, and must have been 
derived from a much greater depth. It is not easy to account for this mixture of bones 
in such widely different conditions, except on the supposition that by some accident 
they had become confounded in the extraction. The 
jaw and teeth are indistinguishable from those of the 
existing Horse, as will be seen in the accompanying 
figure, which shows the enamel flexures in the first 
upper molar, and in the following dimensions^of the 
individual teeth (the entire series measures 6"*6) : — 
lpm 1-2 x -75 
2 pm 1-1 x ‘75 
3 pm ...... l - 05 x ‘75 
1 m 1-0 x *75 
2 m ...... 1-0 x -63 
x '^1 ml. x2diam. 
The astragalus, which is nearly entire, gives the following measurements : — 
Transverse diameter of anterior portion 2"-5 
Height of scaphoid facet 1"*55 
Distance between the summits of the trochlear ridges . . l"-5 
The bone is coated, like the jaw, with hard crystalline stalagmite, and it exactly fits 
the lower end of a tibia said to have been found at a distance of 50 feet from it and at 
a much greater depth ; but this was in a locality that had been previously disturbed. 
There can be little doubt that the two bones belonged to the same animal. 
