BEPQET OF THE EXPLOEATIOH OF BEIXHAM CAVE. 
525, 
precisely the same size as those from Brixham, whilst in the crowns they seem to cor- 
respond more nearly with the German specimen cited above. The second milk-molar, 
which is almost worn out, measures in its present state ‘8 X ‘7 *. 
The astragalus, which was found in the Flint-knife Gallery 10 feet from the entrance 
on the surface of the third bed under the stalagmite floor, has a somewhat different 
aspect and condition. It is so light as to float on the surface of water, of a yellowish- 
white colour, with the slightest possible trace of dendritic deposit, and entirely free 
from calcareous incrustation or infiltration. It is superficially eroded on the more 
prominent points, apparently by rolling ; and on one side there are two or three shallow 
triangular indentations, evidently ancient, such as might be produced by the canine 
teeth of a Bog or Fox. Its dimensions are : — • 
Extreme length ..... 2"-5 
Extreme breadth l"-6 
Extreme height l"-5 
The corresponding dimensions in the Stag above referred to, and in the female Deer, 
are, — in the Stag 2 /, -0, 1"*2, l"-2, and in the Doe 1"*5, l" - 0, 0"’8. In the larger of the 
Grays Thurrock forms the astragalus in four specimens measures f — 
2"-3 x 1"*45 and l"-2. 
The Brixham specimen consequently, as compared with either the existing or with the 
Grays Thurrock fossil forms, must be regarded as of rather large size. This, to a certain 
* These teeth, however, are very far from equalling the dimensions which, it may he supposed, were pre- 
sented by the corresponding teeth in C. ( Strongyloceros ) spelceus, Ow. If we calculate these dimensions from 
the size of the first lower molar in the jaw figured at page 471 of ‘ British Fossil Mammals,’ which would 
appear to have been l"-38 in longitudinal diameter, and assume that the upper and lower teeth in that species 
bore the same proportion to each other as they do in the "Wapiti Deer, then the size of the 1 m and 2 m must, in 
Strongyloceros spelceus, have been D38 x 1-38 and 1-79 X l - 62, dimensions which seem to be enormous and scarcely 
credible. In the Wapiti Deer, the largest of the existing Strongylocerine species, the teeth in question measure 
1-10 x DIO and 1-30 X D25, and in Megaceros hibernicus 1-20 x D12 and 1’20 x D12. 
f Four astragali of the larger form afforded the following measurements : — 
1 2-25 x 1‘4 and 1-2 
2 2-3 x 1'4 and 1-2 
3 2-3 x 1-45 and 1-2 
4 2-15 x D4 and 1-2 
Mean 2-25 x 1-41 and 1-2 
Four astragali of the smaller form : — 
1. .... l-85x 1-1 and 1-0 
2 1-95x1-2 and 1-1 
3 1-85x1-15 and 1-1 
4 1-9 x 1-2 and 1-1 
Mean .... 1-98 X D16 and 1-1 
» There are also numerous calcanea of the two forms, which stand in the same uniform relation to each other as 
regards size; and. it is to be remarked that there are no intermediate sizes. 
In fact the two forms of C. elctpJms, if that be the species, from Grays Thurrock seem to occupy the same 
relative positions- as C. elcijphus and C. barbarus at the present time, both of which coexist in the Gibraltar breccia. 
