52G 
REPORT ON THE EXPLORATION OF BRIXHAM GATE. 
extent is in accordance with the indications afforded by the teeth ; and I am disposed 
therefore, notwithstanding some differences in the condition of the bones, which may be 
accounted for perhaps by their different positions, to think that the fragment of jaw and 
the astragalus may have belonged, if not to the same individual, yet to one of the same 
size or breed. What relation this bone has to the horns and bones which lay at a 
greater depth I am unable to say. 
7. Cervus tarandus. 
Next to those of the Bear, the remains of the Reindeer are by far the most abundant 
in the collection from the Brixham Cave. I have been able to determine about seventy 
well-marked specimens, besides which there are, without doubt, several more among the 
undetermined fragments. 
They occurred in about fifty different localities in the Reindeer and Flint-knife 
Galleries and in the West Chamber, those from the two former localities, however, 
being by far the most numerous. 
In the Reindeer Gallery about twenty-five specimens were met with, from the surface 
to a depth (in one instance only) of 8 feet in the third bed, and taken generally at a 
depth of a little more than 2 feet, and at distances from the entrance varying from 18 
to 86 feet. 
In the Flint-knife Gallery five or six out of thirty-five specimens were found lying on 
the surface of the third bed or immediately beneath it ; some below, and others either 
on or protruding through the stalagmite floor. But deducting these superficial speci- 
mens, the average depth at which the others occurred was a few inches deeper than in 
the Reindeer Gallery. 
Ten specimens were found in the West Chamber, and, as in nearly all other instances, 
the remains there met with occurred at a much greater depth, varying from 4 to 13 feet. 
With the exception of the eight or ten specimens which were found lying on or near 
the surface of the third bed, and either upon or immediately beneath the stalagmite 
floor, the Reindeer remains all have a very ancient aspect — that is to say, they are deeply 
coloured, dense, and dendritic. 
The superficial specimens above referred to, on the contrary, are light-coloured, dry, 
and porous ; some incrusted with a thin crystalline stalagmitic deposit, others not. And 
with respect to these, it is a curious circumstance that several among them, though met 
with in different parts of the cavern, and at some distance as it would seem from each 
other, appear to be parts of the skeleton of one and- the same young animal. The most 
noteworthy of these are: — 1. The upper part of the cranium of a young Reindeer, on 
which are seen the two horn-bosses, and which was found together with the distal portion 
of the left femur, having the articular end nearly all gnawed off, and whose shaft 
6 inches above the lowest part of the remaining outer condyle is 3"'7 ; and at the same 
spot were found four or five teeth. These specimens were found in the Reindeer Gallery 
32 feet from the entrance, lying on the surface of the stalagmite floor. 2. The upper 
