542 
REPORT ON THE EXPLORATION OE BRIXHAM CAYE. 
Table II. — Mean, Maximum, ancl Minimum Dimensions of the Molar Teeth of various 
Species of Decent and Fossil Bears. (0" # 01.) 
pm 4. 
m 1. 
m 2. 
pm 4. 
I 
1 
Mean. 
Max. 
Min. 
Mean. 
Mas. 
Min. 
Mean. 
Max. 
Min. 
Mean. 
Max. 
Min. 
1. 
Cuvier’s measurements 
81 X 
82 x 
79 X 
1 15 X 
121 x 
110X 
180 X 
188 X 
168 X 
o 
Sciimerling’s measurements... 
75 X 
82 x 
67 X 
114X 
130 X 
102 X 
173 X 
196 X 
157 X 
59 X 
70 X 
47 X 
3. 
All fossil forms. G. B 
73x57 
85x60 
60 x 50 
103x76 
120x80 
85 x 70 
158x84 
190x100 
135x75 
60x37 
72x50 
48x30 
4. 
Major fossil, U. speUeus ? 
80x60 
75x 
112x80 
105 x75 
180x91 
170x90 
64 X 43 
60x40 
: 5. 
Minor fossil, JJ. priscus ?, &o. 
63 X 52 
66x55 
90x71 
95x70 
147x79 
155 X 80 
57x31 
56 x38 
| () 
U. p>riscus. B. M. * 
65x52 
90x75 
135 x75 
56 X 30 
j 1. 
TJrsus fromBrixliam Cavern... 
67x55 
75X62 
60 x 50 
95x64 
105x75 
85x70 
150x77 
155 X 80 
135x73 
54x31 
58x31 
48 x 80 
8. 
U. ferox 
62x47 
65 x 55 
60 x 36 
91x67 
92x70 
90x60 
150x73 
150 X 75 
148x68 
51x30 
52x30 
50X30 
9. 
U. arctos 
61x43 
65x50 
58x43 
83x61 
90x63 
80x60 
126x66 
140 X 70 
120x60 
45x28 
50x30 
42x30 
10. 
U. isabellinus 
56x46 
60x50 
50x40 
82x60 
85 x 60 
80 X 55 
130x66 
140 x 70 
130x60 
49 x 26 
50x30 
45x25 
11. 
U. maritimus 
63x37 
70x40 
60x30 
70x60 
85x62 
70x55 
108x60 
120x 60 
95x55 
53x28 
55x30 
50x23 
12. 
JJ. amcricanus 
47x34 
50x40 
45x30 
70x53 
72x60 
69x50 
100x56 
llOx 65 
92x50 
37 x 20 
40x21 
33x20 
13. 
U. torquatus 
52x36 
55x40 
50x32 
80x60 
85x60 
75x60 
117x66 
120 X 70 
110x60 
41x23 
45x25 
38x22 
| 14. 
JJ. labiatus 
47x39 
49x40 
43x38 
67 x46 
70x46 
65 X 46 
75x40 
80 X 41 
70x40 
40x20 
41x21 
40x20 
| 
in 1. 
m 2. 
m 3. 
Molar Series. 
Mean. 
Max. 
Min. 
Mean. 
Max. 
Min. 
! Mean. 
Max. 
Min. 
Upper. 
Lower. 
L 
Cuvier’s measurements 
130x 
115 x 
125x 
106 x 
97 X 
102 X 
86 X 
376 
j o 
Schmerling’s measurements. . . 
118 X 
133 x 
llOx 1 
118 x 
130 x 
106 X 
400 x 
121 x 
75x 
362 
395 
1 3 - 
All fossil forms. G. B 
109x56 
125x60 
100x50 
111x68 
130x80 
92x60 
100x74 
120x80 
75x62 
3& 
380 
4. 
Major fossil, JJ. spelants? 
114x58 
110x55 
116x74 
108x70 
118x84 
100x70 
372 
412 
1 5. 
Minor fossil, JJ. priscus ?, &c. 
100x52 
108x52 
105x64 
110x66 
86x67 
98x70 
300 
348 
6. 
JJ. priscus. B. M. * 
100x50 
95 x 60 
75x65 
290 
326 
7. 
Ursus from Brixham Cavern. . . 
105x53 
115x55 
100x50 
108x67 
117x70 
105x63 
91x68 
98x70 
80 x 65 
312 
358 
8. 
U. ferox 
97x46 
98x50 
95x45 
102x63 
105x70 
100x60 
1 92x62 
100x60 
85x55 
303 
342 
9. 
U. arctos 
90x42 
100x50 
85 x 36 
90 x 55 
100x60 
85 x 52 
| 70x54 
80x60 
60 x 50 
270 
295 
10. 
If. isabellinus 
85 x 42 
90x45 
80x40 
92 x 60 
110x60 
80x60 
76x60 
80 x 65 
70x55 
268 
303 
11. 
JJ. maritimus 
86x38 
95x40 
80 x 35 
81x45 
85x50 
76x40 
61x47 
70x50 
50x40 
241 
281 
12. 
JJ. amcricanus 
74x36 
81x40 
70x31 
78x46 
85 x 50 
72x42 
61x47 
80x50 
52x45 
217 
250 
13. 
JJ. torquatus 
86x38 
91x40 
82x40 
85x52 
91x55 
80x50 
72x55 
80 x 60 
66 x 
242 
284 ! 
14. 
JJ. labiatus 
67x37 
70x35 
65x30 
60x40 
60x40 
60x40 
44x 
45 x 
43 x 
189 
211 1 
1 
In this Table are given the mean, together with the maximum and minimum, dimen- 
sions of the molar teeth in nearly all the instances of different species to which I have 
had access, and they may be deemed sufficient to afford fair averages. It would 
have been satisfactory to have had more numerous specimens of U. ferox ; but they are 
not attainable, so far as I know. Above my own measurements, I have placed in the 
two uppermost lines the mean measurements taken from those given by Cuvier and 
those extracted from M. Sctimerling’s invaluable memoir on the Belgian Caves. In 
the third line will be found the mean and other dimensions of the fossil teeth of all 
kinds that I have met with, and these include, of course, all the possible fossil species. 
Taking these mean sizes as the standard, I have separated all those teeth which came 
decidedly below the mean from those which as decidedly exceeded it. The results thus 
arrived at are given in lines 4 and 5. It thus appeared that the fossil ursine molars 
could primarily be divided into two very distinct categories, within one of which all the 
indisputable or typical specimens of U. spelceus were exclusively, or nearly so, included ; 
whilst in the other, represented by the typical U. prisons, Cuv. ( fossilis , Gldf.), fell a very 
* These measurements are taken from M. Goldfuss’s original specimen in the British Museum, which is 
probably that of a female. 
* 
