2 
The revenue of 1915 (being $8,740) came from the following sources 
By the sale of economic plants and seeds 
By the sale of ornamental plants and seeds 
By the sale of rubber 
By recoveries of the Gardens' expenses in connection 
with those sales (packing) 
(cartage and freight) 
By recoveries not connected with sales and by 
bank interest 
The year 1915 is the first in which the accounts have been kept on a system 
intended to afford analyses of the revenue : the percentage which recoveries make out 
of the total amount of the bills for sales is found to be 23, and therefore greater than 
the 20 per cent of earlier and rough estimates. 
\\ hile the clerk has been required to keep his bill-books posted up in greater 
detail, the foremen gardeners have been taught to make correspondingly detailed 
returns of the directions in which labour is used, for the prevention of waste and that 
n Gardens may not work at a loss in the raising of plants for sale, etc. 
Buildings, 
The Gardens' Committee rebuilt in Singapore both the potting sheds, a foreman- 
gardener s house, the kitchen of and the bridge into the Javanese cooly-lines. The 
Public Works Department in Penang completed the cooly-lines and the houses of the 
Record-keeper and Sub- Overseer" 1 ' " 
Records and Investigations. 
Insect-Pests have not caused much damage within the Gardens. Such as appear 
are studied for two purposes, (i) that they may be checked, and (ii) for the sake of the 
inspection of plants for export, which duty demands a knowledge of the habits of pests. 
Crinum asiaticum has, as before, been made unsightly by the caterpillar of Calogramma 
festina y and Cvcads by that of Catochrysops pandava. Pisang leaves and particularly the 
leaves of Manila hemp, have been attacked by the caterpillar of Erionota thrax. Hand- 
picking is the remedy in all these cases; but it is also necessary in the case of the 
Cycads to remove the injured young foliage. The grub of a small Microlepidopteron 
damaged Avecado pears at the end of the crop. The caterpillar of a Wood-leopard 
moth (very similar to Zeuzera coffeae) killed to the ground stems of Bctuhinia Candida . 
rhree caterpillars were found on the foliage and shoots of Dioscoreas and reported on 
in the u Gardens’ Bulletin." 
The Red Palm-Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineas killed two or three palms of the 
genus Cocos and the allied Xylotrupes gideon killed stems of Pinanga. A small 
undetermined beetle did a considerable amount of harm in Penang to the foliage of 
Nymphaeas. 
An Aphid attacked Areca foliage in large numbers in Singapore; and the surface 
was subsequently blackened by a fungus growing in the excretions of the insects. 
Several Coccidae have been sent to Mr. E. E. Green who was so kind as to 
name them. 
In Singapore Island there has been an outbreak of the moth Brachartona 
catoxantha in Geylang : and in this case Nipa palms associated with the Coconut palms 
were also attacked. The area affected was inspected from time to time ; but as the 
fungus Botrytis necans was present abundantly and killing the pupating caterpillars, 
no further action was called for. 
Mr. P. C. COWLEY-BROWN remained in charge of locust destruction in Malacca 
until November; and it is believed that the swarms of locusts have been diminished 
by his work, A report on the locusts will be printed in the “ Gardens’ Bulletin.” 
$ 
1,588 
$ 
1,069 
• 
4»ro5 
• 6,762 
456 
334 
1,188 
1,978 
$8,740 
