Mr A. Livingstone on the Solar Eclipse , Sept. 7. 1820. 287 
off the water from its wings. The amazing courage and strength 
displayed by this bird, in contending against the numerous 
storms with which we were assailed, during many hours, con- 
vinced me of its power to perform the longest migrations with 
comparative safety. The swallow remained with the vessel du- 
ring two days, and sought shelter in the shrouds only at the ap- 
proach of evening. 
Aut. VII . — Observations on the Solar Eclipse of 7th Septem- 
ber 1820, made at Gibraltar ; with Remarks on the Tempered- 
ture of the Water in Gibraltar Bay*. By Mr Andrew 
Livingstone. 
A 8 I have not observed in either The Edinburgh Philoso- 
phical Journal , or any other publication, a statement of any 
observation of the Solar Eclipse of 7th September last having 
been made at Gibraltar, I take the liberty of sending you the 
following, copied from my journal. 
“ SOLAR ECLIPSE, 7TH SEPTEMBER 1820. 
“ Ended, by my observation, at 3 h 20' 18" 14'" mean time, which, allowing 
2 ' 12" 38'" equation of time, is equal to apparent time at Gibraltar, 3 h 22' 
30" 52'" 
u The observation of the end was made with an achromatic telescope of 48 
inches focal distance. 
u The time was found by Pennington’s chronometer, N° 195. the rate of which was 
2" daily gain. And the apparent time was ascertained by nine altitudes of 
the Sun, taken with Troughton’s pillar-sectant, N° 888. and an artificial hori- 
zon made by Allan. The altitudes for the horary angle were worked in two 
sets, the difference between which amounted to 0" 13'", and the mean was 
assumed for the time stated above. 
“ The time was taken by Mr Robert Hardy, chronometer-maker, and the ob- 
servation by myself.” 
The above is a literal copy from my journal ; but it may be 
proper to add, that I unfortunately missed observing the com- 
mencement of the eclipse, in consequence of the Gibraltar Al- 
manack having been so erroneously calculated, as to mislead me 
about 20' with respect to the beginning, and I unfortunately 
had trusted to it as having been calculated for the meridian 
of the place. The end of the eclipse I saw well; and what 
* Communicated in a letter to Archibald Constable, Esq. 
u 2 
