7 
There was an increase of $521.3600 permits for temporary cultivation in reserved 
forests, and an unusual item of $r t6. 66 on account of sand taken from the Changi 
Reserve. 
In Penang, Province Welleslev, and the Dindings almost ali heads of revenue 
show a decrease due to the genera! depression in the trade in timber and forest 
produce caused by the war. A similar decrease in Malacca is to some extent 
counterbalanced by the Io per cent ad valorem tax on timber on newly alienated land. 
Expenditure. 
33. The following statement shows expenditure from 1913 to 1915: — 
Settlement. 
Expendi- 
ture 
I 9 I 3 - 
Expendi- 
ture 
1914. 
Estimated 
expenditure 
I 9 I 5 - 
Actual 
expenditure 
1915. 
Savings on 
Estimates. 
$ c. 
$ c. 
$ c. 
$ c. 
$ c. 
Singapore 
Penang and Province 
10,149 4° 
9,455 11 
11,962 00 
9 , 75 i 46 
2,210 54 
Wellesley 
6 , 5^3 46 
5.389 36 
5,699 00 
5,081 85 
617 15 
Dindings 
5,084 39 
6,106 27 
7,483 00 
6,853 36 
629 64 
Malacca 
8,627 9 2 
8,495 77 
9,5 16 00 
9,439 33 
76 67 
Total ... 
30,385 *7 j 
29,446 51 
34,660 00 
31,126 00 
3,534 00 
The expenditure of the year, which amounted to $31,126 included $22,967.16 
for Personal Emoluments, and $8,158.84 for Other Charges, the savings on the estimates 
being $2,017.84 and $1,516.16 respectively. The savings on staff are chiefly due to 
the abolition of the post of ranger in Singapore and the appointment of a new clerk 
in Penang on a lower salary than that drawn by his predecessor. On Other Charges 
the savings, of which two-thirds were in Singapore, are distributed mainly over the 
heads connected with the maintenance and improvement of forests. 
34. The net result is a loss of $14,407.87. The department should however pay 
its way, if the Malacca and Dindings forests are developed. 
Administration , 
35. Mr. B. H. F. Bernard acted as Conservator up to and including the 
1 6th April. 
Mr. G. E. S. Cubitt arrived from India and took over charge on the 17th of the 
same month. 
Mr. Keun held charge in Penang till the 17th December and went on leave 
the following day, when he was relieved by Mr. Askey from the Federated Malay 
States. These officers were also responsible for field work in the Dindings. 
Mr. O’Hara was in charge in Malacca throughout the year. In Singapore the 
Collector of Land Revenue administered the Department with the help of the Land 
Bailiffs and Forester, who shared the travelling allowance allotted to the post of 
Forest Ranger vacated by Mr. T. C. Mai.aya Pillai, which it is not proposed 
to fill. 
36. These arrangements are adequate as far as Singapore is concerned and no 
change is recommended. Matters are however not so satisfactory in regard to Penang, 
the Dindings, and Malacca. I he forests in the Dindings are of considerable value 
and importance, but it is impossible to look for much development either there or in 
Malacca so long as a ranger is in almost independent charge. The annual 
expenditure, especially in Malacca, is ludicrously low, and has unfortunately not 
always been laid out to the best advantage. The Ranger in Malacca is also 
hampered by the supervision of the rubber plantations. It is becoming increasingly 
evident that a thorough re-organization of forest administration in the Colony 
(except Singapore) is necessary, and the lines on which re-organization can probably 
best be effected are the fusion of the services in the Federated Malay States and 
