PALAEOZOIC TYPES OF MADREPORARIA. 
39 
of the Mediterranean. As regards the Radiata and the Foraminifera, there has been a 
very prolonged correspondence of identical and representative species between the 
distant areas, and now the occurrence of closely allied species belonging to the persistent 
rugose type attests still further the interesting biological relations between the two 
margins of the great Atlantic. 
It has been noticed that the Conosmilice of the old Australian seas, now found included 
in Midtertiary deposits along the northern shores of Victoria and South Australia, 
belong to the Stauridse, and that their close ally in that rugose family is the genus 
Polyccelia. This genus is extinct, and formed the characteristic coral-fauna of the very 
uncoralliferous Permian deposits. Considering the well-known Triassic, Jurassic, and, 
indeed, the Palaeozoic facies of portions of the recent and tertiary Australian faunas, 
the establishment of the Conosmilice with their Permian affinities as part of a family of 
the Rugosa is highly suggestive. 
In conclusion, I think that there can be no doubt about the persistence of the rugose 
type of Palaeozoic Madreporaria through the Neozoic formations to the present time, and 
that the species with hexameral and decameral septal arrangements descended from 
rugose types, and the latter especially from those with an indefinite septal number. 
VIII. Explanation of the Plate. 
PLATE I. 
Fig. 1. Portion of the corallum of Guynia annulata fixed to a shell. Magnified. 
Fig. 2. A specimen showing the calicular end and the costae. There are eight large 
primary septa, and one is united to the columella. Magnified. 
Fig. 3. A specimen showing the transverse epithecal markings. Magnified. 
Fig. 4. Cross section, magnified. There are eight primary septa and several secondary. 
Magnified. 
View of a nearly perfect corallum, showing constrictions, costae, and epitheca. 
Fig. 5 
Figs. 6, 
Magnified. 
7, 8. Portions of a corallum in which at one end there is an hexameral arrange- 
ment of the septa (fig. 7), and midway there is the usual octomeral arrange- 
ment. 
Fig. 9. Corallum of Conosmilia anomala, Dune. 
The calice, magnified, showing eight primary septa. 
Corallum of Conosmilia lituolus, Dune. Magnified. 
The calice, magnified. 
The corallum of Haplophyllia paradoxa, Pourtales (from Pourtales’s ‘ Deep 
Sea Corals’). 
Fig. 10 
