MR. C. SCHORLEMMER ON THE NORMAL PARAFFINS. 
115 
solution of the acid with barium carbonate, crystallizes from a hot concentrated solution 
in pearly scales. 
0*5967 lost, on drying at 180°, 0*040 of water, or 6*7 per cent., the formula requiring 
7*4 per cent. H 2 O. 
On igniting the dry residue, 0*3265 Ba C0 3 were left behind, corresponding to 40*8 Ba, 
the calculated quantity being 40*4 per cent. 
The salt obtained by spontaneous evaporation of the solution is, according to Lieben 
and Rossi, anhydrous. I have therefore, after the publication of Lieben’s and Rossi’s 
complete paper on normal valerianic acid, prepared this salt again ; by spontaneous 
evaporation it was obtained in small plates and needles, which, after being dried in the 
air at the common temperature, lost at 180°, 2*6 per cent, of water, corresponding to 
|H 2 o. 
0*316 of the salt, dried at 180°, gave 0*1832 BaCO a , corresponding to 40*3 per 
cent. Ba. 
Lieben and Rossi prepared their salt in the dry climate of Turin, whilst I worked in 
the damp air of Manchester, which may account for the differences. 
Calcium pentylate, (C 5 H 9 0 2 ) 2 Ca + 1^ H 2 0, obtained by neutralizing the acid with 
milk of lime, crystallizes on spontaneous evaporation in shining leaflets. 
0*2958 lost, at 180°, 0*0293 H 3 0, or 9*9 per cent., the amount required for the above 
formula being 10 per cent. 
The dry residue left on ignition 0*111 CaC0 3 , corresponding to 16*7 per cent. Ca, 
the calculated percentage being 16*5. 
Lieben’s salt contained only 1 vol. of water ; but all other properties of these salts, 
which Lieben has described so very minutely, agree perfectly. From the cold saturated 
solution shining laminae separate on heating, the greater portion of which dissolve again 
on cooling; on the other hand, a solution saturated at 100° gives on cooling to 70° a 
crystalline precipitate, which on further cooling nearly completely redissolves. I have 
repeated these experiments several times, following exactly Lieben’s instructions, and 
with exactly the same results. 
Besides pentyl ic acid and methyl-propyl ketone, I also obtained a small quantity of a 
high boiling liquid, having a pleasant smell like apples, which principally consisted of 
pentyl pentylate, as on decomposing it with caustic potash, pentyl alcohol, boiling at 
134° to 137°, and pentylic acid were formed. 
As there can be no doubt that Lieben and Rossi’s normal valerianic acid has the fol- 
lowing constitution. 
CH 3 
I 
ch 2 
I 
ch 2 
I 
ch 2 
CO . OH, 
Q 2 
