MYOLOGY OF THE CHEIROPTERA. 
127 
this muscle is of the nature of platysma. I have not been able, in any species of the Yes- 
pertilionidae, to demonstrate any connexion between this muscle and the occipito-pollicalis; 
in these it seems to end in the integument of the top of the shoulder ; it is very narrow 
in Vampyrops vittatus , and is similar in its arrangement in Artibeus. In all cases its 
origin was purely cutaneous, and in none had it any connexion with the sternal carina, 
as was found in Pteropus Edwardsii by Professor Humphry (l. c. p. 299). 
4. In Cephalotes Pallasii a thin nuchal band of platysma existed (Plate XY. fig. 2,_/‘), 
passing from the mesial line of the lower part of the back of the neck to join the occi- 
pito-pollicalis. I have not detected a similar band in any other species except in Pte- 
ropus edulis, in which it was very large and extended up to the occiput, covering, but 
quite separate from, the occipito-pollicalis. 
5. Dorsi patagialis (Plate XIII. fig. 1, b ). — This name I would suggest for a part of the 
panniculus which I have found in all the species as a fine triangular muscle arising from 
the integument in the mesial line of the back opposite the lowest dorsal and uppermost 
lumbar vertebrse, and passing upwards and outwards to the axilla, where it was inserted 
into the skin of the plagiopatagium* ; it lay superficial to the latissimus dorsi, from 
which it is separated by the superficial dorsal fascia. In Artibeus and Vampyrops this 
is strong and red ; it is also large in Noctulina and the Pipistrelle, in the former of which 
a slip of it rises to the coracoid process, into the internal edge of which it is inserted. 
In Pteropus it is especially large, particularly in Pt. edulis. In Megaderma lyra a slip 
of it runs into the lower margin of the teres major, and another was inserted into the 
humerus at its upper point of trisection. In Eleutlierura this muscle coexists with a 
separate coraco-cutaneous muscle, and is inserted into the skin of the axilla. Neither 
Humphry nor Cuvier make any reference to this muscle ; the former merely mentions in 
general terms the existence of a few fibres in this locality. 
6. Coraco-cutaneus (Humphry) I found as a separate muscle in Pleutlierura , arising 
from the coracoid process internal and anterior to the coraco-brachialis, from which it 
is separated by the brachial plexus ; crossing the axillary artery this muscle is inserted 
into the skin of the axilla. In Noctulina altivolans a slip of this muscle exists as an 
offshoot from the dorsi patagialis, as above described, crossing the brachial plexus. In 
Pteropus Edwardsii and medius, as described by Professor Humphry, it is distinct and 
extends in the plagiopatagium to the lower margin of that fold. Several fibres run 
parallel to this band which have no bony attachment. Of the same nature as the coraco- 
cutaneous is the humero-cutaneous muscle which exists in Noctulina , arising from the 
inner border of the humerus three lines above the elbow-joint, passing downwards to be 
* To avoid periphrasis, I will use the names recommended by Kolexati for the different parts of the wing- 
membranes : — propatagium being the part in front of the elbow ; plagiopatagium that from the extensor aspect of 
the fore limb to the hinder limb and extending to the little finger ; uropatagium that between the hinder limbs, 
including the tail; epiblema the membrane attached to the spur fjlactylopatagium brevis the web between the 
thumb-root and the index, cl. minus between index and middle, cl. longus between middle and ring, cl. latus 
between ring and little fingers. 
s 2 
