MYOLOGY OF THE CHEIROPTERA. 
133 
Pt. Edwardsii, then in Noctulina, and smallest proportionally in Cynonycteris. The bucci- 
nator is weakest in Pteropus , and proportionally strongest in Myotus ( Vesperiilio) murinus. 
The pterygoids, especially the externals, are particularly small in all the species. 
Muscles of the Neck. 
On raising the integument of the neck the first structures exposed are the several 
parts of the platysma already described, then several large glandular and fatty masses, 
connected with the large thymus of these animals. The salivary glands are very large 
in the frugivorous Bats, especially the parotid, which extends into the anterior cervical 
triangle ; the submaxillary, though smaller, yet is a large gland, and much rounder and 
more definite than the former. Below these the following muscles are brought into 
view :-^Sterno-mastoid, in Plecotus and the other Vespertilionine Bats, as well as in 
Megadermct (Plate XIII. fig. 5, c) and Pteropus, is a large single indivisible muscle arising 
from the episternum and stern o -clavicular ligaments, and inserted into the paroccipital 
and supraoccipital bones ; in Pteropus edulis it extends as far inward as the occipital protu- 
berance. In the species of Bliinoloplius, Pteropus funebris, Eleutherura , and Macroglossus , 
as well as Cephalotes (Plate XV. fig. 1, l,m, n), Vampyrops , and Artibeus , the sterno-mas- 
toid is double, the superficial part being as described above, and covering a deeper band 
smaller in size, which arises fleshy from the sternum, and is inserted by a narrow tendon 
into the paroccipital process alone. Both Cuviee and Meckel speak of this muscle as 
single, and as having no trace of a clavicular origin. 
Cleido-mastoid is a muscle whose existence in the Bats has been denied by Cuviee 
and Meckel ; yet it exists and is often moderately strong, as in Noctulina : it is usually 
perfectly separate from the sterno-mastoid, more vertical than which it lies, and in 
Vampyrops the spinal accessory nerve intervenes ; it is inserted along with the deep 
sterno-mastoid into the paroccipital process; it is exceedingly small in Megaderma , 
Cephalotes, and Eleutherura , larger in Bliinoloplius diadema and speoris ; in the Pipistrelle 
it is only one third the size of the sterno-mastoid ; in Pteropus it is even less, and its 
upper third is tendinous, and inserted into the tip of the paroccipital. No trace of a 
cleido-occipital exists in any of the species examined. 
Sterno-hyoid (Plate XIII. fig. 8, i) is broad, flat, and thin, passing from the posterior 
aspect of the sternum to the os liyoicles. In my specimen of Noctulina it was united to 
the omo-hyoid in a manner to be described hereafter. A tendinous inscription exists in 
most of the Vespertilionine Bats; I found none either in the Pteropine or Phyllosto- 
mous species, while in Bliinoloplius the sterno-hyoid is narrow, and presents nothing- 
remarkable. In Noctulina the mylo-hyoid was covered by a layer of longitudinal 
fibres, constituting a mento-hyoidean muscle. Of the other laryngeal and tongue-muscles 
there are no facts of sufficient interest to deserve special record. The styloid muscles 
are large and strong, especially the stylo-glossus, which passes as usual from the stylo- 
hyal bone to the side of the base of the tongue. 
Digastric (Plate XIII. fig. 8, c, d) in the Vespertilionine Bats is a simple one-bellied 
depressor of the mandible, extending to the middle third of the ramus, and largest pro- 
MDCCCL5XII. T 
