138 
PEOEESSOE A. MACALISTEK ON THE 
Serratus anticus arises (Plate XV. fig. 1, u) from the sternum beneath the pars sternalis 
of the great pectoral, and overlying the prolonged rectus abdominis is inserted into the 
first rib below the origin of the subclavius ; its sternal origins are as usual tendinous, 
and its insertion flesh}'. In Vesperugo it extended as far down as the attachment of the 
fifth rib-cartilage to the sternum, in Noctulina only to the second sterno-chondral arti- 
culation ; in Artibeus it extended to the third : in Vampyrops it was divided into two 
parts, one of which was attached to the sternum opposite the third rib-cartilage and to 
the second rib-cartilage ; the other passed from the sternum to the first rib. In Pteropus 
it is very weak, and extended as far down as the third sterno-chondral joint; it is strong, 
fleshy, and thick in Cephalotes and Eleutherura. 
The intercostals, infracostals, and transversus thoracis anterior presented no note- 
worthy features. 
Muscles of the Pack. 
The nuchal hollow in all the specimens was filled up by a fatty mass, which in my 
large Ft. edulis was an inch in thickness in the middle ; this lay below the oceipito- 
pollicalis, which we have before described as probably the occipital trapezius; on 
clearing this out, no distinct trace of a ligamentum nuchce exists. 
The second part of the trapezius muscle, or the trapezius dorsalis is large and 
with a very thick rounded upper border. In Artibeus and Vampyrops a semidetached 
upper slip passed from the two lowermost cervical spines to the outer fifth of the 
clavicle ; this is weak, and is the only trace of the cervical trapezius in the entire order. 
The proper dorsal trapezius is a single muscle in Pteropus , Macroglossus, Cephalotes , 
Plecotus , Vesperugo , and Eleutherura ; it arises from the spines of all the dorsal 
vertebree but the two lowest in Macroglossus , all but the lowest five in Cephalotes , from 
all in Plecotus , not so far down in the Pipistrelle and Scotopliilus , but I could not 
ascertain by how many they fell short ; it is inserted into the upper margin of the spine 
of the scapula and acromion process. In Myotus murinus it is attached to eleven 
dorsal spines, as described by Cuvier, Meckel, and Kolenati. In Pteropus the fibres 
extend to the outer fifth of the clavicle ; in the Pipistrelle there is also a clavicular 
fascicle. In Noctulina the muscle is double, the superior dorsal trapezius arising from 
the spines of the vertebrae in the uppermost third of the dorsal region ; and these fibres 
run transversely across to the scapular spine and acromion, making a quadrilateral 
muscle. The inferior trapezius springs from the spines of the vertebrae in the middle 
third of the dorsal region ; its fibres ascend, and are inserted into the posterior margin 
of the scapula at the base of the spine ; for a short distance before its insertion the 
muscle becomes tendinous. In Vampyrops , Artibeus, Megaderma , and Bhinoloplms the 
trapezius is also cleft (Plate XIII. fig. 9 ,f), and the widest interval exists in the last two 
of these genera. In Megaderma the superior trapezius arises from the three uppermost 
dorsal spines, the inferior from the lowest four, the intervening space being only occu- 
pied by a very thin cellular expansion, through which the fibres of the rhomboid were 
visible ; the inferior portion was inserted by a long tendon into the superior angle of 
