140 
PEOEESSOE A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
plexus proper is attached below to the lower two or three cervical transverse processes. 
Meckel says these muscles have no inscriptions in the Bats. 
Latissimus dorsi in Macroglossus minimus and Ceplialotes arises from the spines of the 
four lower dorsal vertebrae ; in P ter opus medius and Edwardsii from three; in Ft. edulis 
from four ; in Eleutherura from the four lower dorsal and two upper lumbar spines ; from 
three dorsal and two lumbar in Megaderma. In none has it any costal attachment ; the 
fibres run upwards, outwards, and forwards, to be inserted into the inner bicipital edge 
of the humerus above the teres major, and directly below the inner tuberosity. Cuvier 
gives as its origin the two lowest dorsal spines, and mentions its being connected to the 
trapezius {Joe. cit. i. p. 276); this is denied by Meckel ( loc . cit. p. 267); but never- 
theless, as mentioned before (see trapezius), it is true in one genus. In Noctulina it 
occupies the lowest third of the dorsal region, springing from four dorsal spines. In all 
the species a bursa separates its tendon from that of the teres major. In the Vampyres 
it has an additional lumbar vertebra in its origin, and gets a slip from the iliac crest ; in 
the Pipistrelle its lumbar origin is very scanty, and only attached to two vertebrae. 
Cuvier says its tendon is joined to that of the teres major, which arrangement did not 
exist in a single specimen dissected by me. 
The erectores spinae are very feeble, weaker than in any other group of mammals 
according to Meckel. The sacro-lumbalis is only attached to the nine lower ribs in 
Megaderma. In the smaller species these muscles justify Cuvier’s description, by 
existing as a few tendinous fibres near the spine. Extensores cauclae in the Noctule are 
long, and pass from the sacrum as usual ; there is no separable multifidus spinae as 
Meckel describes. The obliquus superior capitis is very small in Megaderma, and lies 
parallel and internal to the rectus capitis lateralis ; the obliquus inferior is equally large, 
and the rectus capitis posticus major is v/ide and triangular, with a broad insertion; the 
rectus posticus minor is small, short, and square. In Pleeotus the occipitalis major 
nerve is very large, and sends filaments to ramify on the back of the ear. 
The levator anguli scapula: in all is a separate moderately large muscle ; in the 
Vampyre it consists of two slips one over another ; it lies on a plane superficial to the 
serratus and above the rhomboideus ; its origin is from the sixth and seventh cervical 
transverse processes, and its insertion is into the posterior border of the scapula above 
the spine. It is single, but with the same attachments in the Pleeotus , Pipistrelle, and 
Noctule. In Ceplialotes it also is attached to the two lowest cervical vertebrae, to the 
posterior border of the prescapula ; and the same is the arrangement in the Eleutherura 
and Pteropi. In Megaderma it overlies the slip of the serratus magnus superior from 
the seventh cervical transverse process, from which it is separated by the posterior 
muscular branch of the brachial plexus passing back to supply the rhomboid. 
Levator clavicuhe (omo-atlanticus, omo-traclielien, acromio-trachelien, trachelo-acro- 
mial, acromio-basilar, cervico-humeral of divers authors) I found in all but Pleeotus; 
it arises above the levator anguli scapulae from the fourth and fifth cervical transverse 
processes, in Pteropus from the second and third (Humphry, p. 304), and is inserted 
