MYOLOGY OF THE CHEIROPTERA. 
143 
named muscle, as it is fleshy, while that of the infraspinatus is tendinous. It is propor- 
tionally largest in Plecotus and Noctulina, very small, flat, and thin in Megaderma ; it 
has a fleshy origin in Gephalotes ; in Cynonycteris it is very short and thick, while it is 
absent in the Pipistrelle, Vespertilio murinus, and Scotophilus. Meckel says this muscle 
is absent ( loc . cit. p. 276) ; 1 could not determine the nervous supply of this muscle in any 
of the species. 
Teres major is a large muscle and displays nothing remarkable; its tendon is inserted 
further from the latissimus dorsi than in most animals, being completely below it. It 
is developed in about equal proportion in all, being about three fourths the size of the 
combined supra- and infraspinati. 
Subscapularis (Plate XIII. fig. 13, b) is a remarkable muscle, as probably the largest 
subscapulars in the animal kingdom are possessed by Bats ; the thickness of this muscle 
is enormous, and it occupies the entire subscapular fossa ; it has a few tendinous septa in 
it, and its tendon is not in contact with the synovial membrane as Professor PIumphry 
has noticed. A separate subscapulo-humeral slip exists in all the larger Pteropine and 
Phyllostomine Bats (Plate XIII. fig. 13, c ). 
Coraco-bracliialis is a small muscle in all; but Mr. Wood is in error in supposing it 
to be the true coraco-bracliialis brevis (Journal of Anat. and Phys. vol. i. p. 52, 1866). 
If we limit that name to the muscle whose insertion is above, or connected to the inser- 
tion of the teres major and latissimus dorsi, then in none of the Bats examined is there 
a short coraco-brachialis. It arises from the coracoid process beneath the coracoid head 
of the biceps ; its insertion is into the inner side of the humerus, below the latissimus 
and teres tendons. In Plecotus it is inserted into the upper fifth of the bone ; in Myotus 
murinus its insertion is opposite to the middle of that of the deltoideus acromialis. 
In Cynonycteris it is, as in Cephalotes , attached to the upper fourth of the humerus. In 
Artibeus it is still shorter, but still plainly not a coraco-brachialis brevis. In none is a 
long form of the muscle present. In Synotus barbastellus, Vesperugo Kuhlii, and the 
Pipistrelle it is the same as in the V. murinus. In Vampyrops it is slender and much 
larger, passing much further down the humerus to its insertion, which is opposite the 
upper part of the middle third of the bone. In Macroglossus it is closely connected to 
the biceps at its origin, and its insertion is into a little more than the upper third of the 
humerus ; it is partly divisible into two parts in this genus, but they both partake of the 
characters of the coraco-brachialis medius. In no species, even of Pteropus , did I find it 
possessing the connecting fibres to the brachialis anticus described in Pteropus Edwardsii 
by Professor Humphry ; it is very short in Noctulina. Cuvier says it is absent in the 
Bats (Lemons Orales, i. p. 277) ; but Meckel found it and describes it (Comp. Anat. vol. vi. 
p. 281). Humphry found it bipartite in Pteropus , one part coming from the biceps 
short head, the other from the coracoid process ; these are separated by a plane of 
cellular tissue as in Macroglossus. In Megaderma the muscle is single, beneath the 
coracoid head of the biceps, and it lies on the external cutaneous nerve which lies 
between it and the bone ; the insertion is into the second and third sixths of the humerus. 
u 2 
