MYOLOGY OF THE CHEIEOPTEEA. 
147 
the presence of this muscle, but denies the existence of a supinator longus ; this muscle 
arises from the inner condyle and is inserted into the upper fourth of the anterior and 
internal aspect of the radius ; its origin is tendinous, the main body and insertion are 
fleshy ; this is its arrangement in Megaclerma , Bhinolophus , Pterojnis, and Macroglossus : 
it occupies only one fifth in the Vespertilio murinus ; this accords with Meckels descrip- 
tion : it covers one third fully in Vampyrops, Ft er opus Edwardsii, Cephalotes , Plecotus , 
Synotus, and Noctulina , about two fifths in the Pipistrelle. In all it overlies the median 
nerve which supplies it ; in none has it an ulnar or radial origin. The insertion is into 
an oblique ridge on the radius. This muscle can only act as a feeble flexor of the elbow. 
Pronator quadratus is absent in all. 
Supinator radii longus (Plate XIV. fig. 5, c), whose existence was first demonstrated 
by Humphry, exists in all except the Noctulina and Pipistrelle. It arises above all the 
other ecto-condylar muscles, and separates from them immediately below the musculo- 
spiral groove, and is inserted either into the external and anterior surface of the radius 
immediately opposite those of the last-described muscle, or else into the integument of 
the front of the forearm. In Plecotus the insertion is into the upper fourth of the radius ; 
in Cephalotes, in which it arises higher than in any other species, the insertion is into the 
upper point of trisection of the forearm ; the origin is higher in Macroglossus than in 
Vampyrops , but lower than in the last. In Megaderma is a distinct fine band, which is 
inserted into the uppermost part of quadrisection of the radius. In Eleutherura it has 
no bony attachment. This muscle can only act as a simple flexor, as Aeby has pointed 
out (l. c. p. 46) ; it is supplied by a twig from the large musculo-spiral nerve which lies in 
front of it. The external cutaneous nerve crosses it, having passed over or under (never 
through, except in P. edulis ) the coraco-brachialis muscle and behind the biceps ; it is 
then distributed to the propatagium. 
Supinator brevis is a thick simple muscle, in all arising from the outer condyle and 
inserted into the upper fifth of the radius ; it is beneath and connected to the other 
extensor muscles ; its fibres run vertically downwards and a little forwards to be inserted 
above those of the supinator longus, nearly opposite to those of the pronator teres ; no 
nerve pierces this muscle, as there is no posterior interosseal branch from the musculo- 
spiral nerve in any Bat which I have examined. 
From the external condyle I have seen a few fibres arising in Vampyrops , and passing 
into the skin of the plagiopatagium ; these are very short, and resemble the humero- 
cutaneus described before. Kolenati, in describing the forearm-muscles, says of them, 
“ schicken von ihren Kopfen Muskelfasern zu den Dactylopatagien possibly it may be 
some band like these that he refers to, but these go to the plagiopatagium. No other 
author alludes to them ; I found them also in Plecotus , in which they extended for 
the upper sixth of the forearm. 
Flexor carpi radialis (Plate XIV. figs. 1, u, & 3, a) is the second most anterior muscle 
from the inner condyle; its origin is conjoint with the pronator, but it soon becomes 
separate, and ends in a tendon which runs to the polliceal side of the wrist. In Macro- 
glossus its insertion is into the scapho-lunar bone, into the trapezium, and into the base 
