148 
PEOFESSOE A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
of the second metacarpal ; of these three the trapezial slips come off first from the outer 
edge of the tendon, then the remaining part bifurcates ; the tendon for the scapho-lunar 
bone is the largest. In Vampyrops its insertion is purely into the trapezium ; in Ple- 
cotus it is purely into the second metacarpal ; in the Pipistrelle it seems lost on the carpus ; 
it is absent in Noctulina ; attached by a single insertion in P ter opus Edwardsii to the ulnar 
side of base of the metacarpal of the index, according to Professor Humphry ; it has a 
single tendon to the scapho-lunar bone in Cephalotes , to the base of the index metacarpal 
in Megadermct. In Artibeus it is single and simple. 
Flexor carpi ulnaris (Plate XIY. figs. 1, e, & 3, Jc) arises principally from the subole- 
cranon part of the ulna, but generally receives a small slip from the inner condyle ; these 
two heads present the usual relation to the ulnar nerve which separate them. Cuvier says 
this muscle arises from the common fleshy mass at the condyle, a description which will 
be seen to be erroneous in almost every species. In Noctulina this muscle, however, has 
no olecranon origin ; it continues fleshy longer than most of the other flexors, and is 
inserted in Noctulina into the transverse process of the os magnum ; the ulnar nerve is 
internal to its origin, then gets under it and is external for its whole length. In Macro- 
glossus minimus its insertion is threefold, into the transverse process of the os magnum, 
to the base of the fourth and fifth metacarpals, and by a narrow thread which detached 
itself high up into the origin of the abductor minimi digiti. Cuvier describes it as 
inserted into the first phalanx of the fifth digit ; I did not find this mode of insertion in 
any specimen. In Pteropus Edwardsii Humphry only found a single tendon inserted 
into the distal margin of the transverse process of the os magnum opposite the interval 
between the third and fourth metacarpals ; in Ft. edulis it was much the same, and the 
muscle was large and fleshy. In Cephalotes it has an origin from the supraolecranon 
sesamoid bone, and is inserted into the fourth and fifth metacarpals and into the abductor 
minimi digiti. Plecotus has this muscle also attached to the fifth metacarpal. In Vam- 
pyrops and Megaderma it arises solely from the olecranon ; in Artibeus it is also ulnar ; 
in Cynonycteris its origin is condylo-ulnar ; in Vampyrops it has a wide, apparently 
double tendon of insertion into the os magnum and the fifth metacarpal; in Megaderma 
it has a small round ossicle in its tendon in the palm attached to the os magnum and to 
the bases of the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones ; from this ossicle the fourth and fifth 
finger interossei arise. 
Professor Humphry describes two flexor muscles for the digits ; one of these he calls 
flexor sublimis digitorum, the other flexor profundus. A careful study of these two 
muscles in the whole series does not bear out the first part of this recognition : the 
so-called superficial flexor is really a palmaris, as will be seen from the nature of its 
insertion ; the deep flexor is a combined flexor profundus digitorum and flexor pollicis. 
In Vampyrops the palmaris arises from the internal condyle and from the upper part 
of the radius ; it soon becomes tendinous, and passing superficial to the other parts at the 
wrist, it is inserted, by two flat slips, into the metacarpal bone of the pollex, one at either 
side ; a third equally flat band is attached to the metacarpal bone of the index, and a 
