MYOLOGY OF THE CHEIEOPTEEA. 
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in Cynonycteris , to less than the upper third in Pteropus, more than half in Macroglossus 
and Eleutherura. 
Gluteus medius (Plate XIV. fig. 10, a) is the usual thick external pelvic muscle, and 
occupies in all the outer side of the ilium. In Plecotus it is short and thick, in the 
Pipistrelle it is long and narrow, much thinner in Pteropus , triangular in Artibeus , and 
very thick in Cynonycteris ; its insertion in all is into the posterior trochanter. Meckel 
describes it as a small muscle ; but it is larger than the gluteus maximus ; the gluteus 
minimus is absent in all, as Meckel remarks ; Cuvier mistook the iliacus for it. 
Gluteus quartus (Plate XIV. fig. 10, c ) exists as a separate marginal muscle in the 
Pipistrelle, in the Vampyre, Megaderma , and Rhinolophus. None is present in Noctu- 
lina , Plecotus , Cephalotes ; where it exists it passes from the margin of the ilium in 
front of the gluteus medius, and is inserted in front of the external trochanter. 
Pyriformis (Plate XIV. fig. 13, c) is not a distinct muscle in Vamgryrops, Cephalotes , 
and Noctulina, but in Megaderma and Eleutherura it exists as a’ separate muscular band 
above the sciatic nerve ; it is the same in Rhinolophus , and partly separate at its origin 
in the Kiodote. Cuvier says it is absent (Lemons, i. p. 359) ; Meckel confounds the 
next muscle with this. In Artibeus it is united to the gluteus. 
Caudo-femoralis (Plate XIV. fig. 10, e, f) (gubernator caudse, Haugiiton) is a muscle 
which passes from the first caudal vertebra to the external part of the upper point of 
trisection of the femur ; it is thick and strong in Plecotus , absent in the Pipistrelle, 
double in Vampyrops , crossing the insertion of the gluteus medius. In the Noctule it 
arises under the extensores caudse from the first and second caudal vertebrse, and is 
inserted into the upper two fifths of the outside of the lower border of the femur, lying 
over the tendon of the gluteus maximus. In Cephalotes it is small, thick at its origin, 
and inserted into the middle of the femur. In Megaderma it is very large, and springs 
from the sacrum and two caudal vertebrae. It is double and largest of all in Rhinolophus 
diadema ; it is also double but smaller in Macroglossus. Meckel takes this to be the 
pyriformis ; but it is quite separate, and has the same relation to the pyriformis that the 
latissimus dorsi bears to the teres major. 
Quadratus femoris (Plate XIV. fig. 12, li) is perfectly distinct in all the species, arising 
below the obturator muscle and passing from the tuber ischii to the root of the great 
trochanter. It is small in Noctulina , larger in Cephalotes and Macroglossus. Cuvier 
says it does not exist. 
Iliacus internus (Plate XIV. figs. 7-9, d, 10, b, 11, «) is a very remarkable muscle, 
having a purely external origin, springing from the outside of the ilium close to the crest, 
external to the psoas, and separated from the gluteus medius by the extensor cruris ; 
it is inserted into the anterior trochanter ; it is parallel to the psoas in general, very 
small in Megaderma. Cuvier says it is absent (Lecons, i. p. 357). It is exceedingly 
constant, and exhibits no other features of interest in any species. 
Gracilis (Plate XIV. fig. 7, e) is the largest of the internal or anterior femoral muscles, 
and has usually a wide origin ; in Megaderma it overlies the adductors and arises from the 
