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PROFESSOR A. MACALISTER ON THE 
whole of the margin of the pubis and ischium ; it very soon becomes tendinous, and is 
inserted into the anterior aspect of the tibia two lines below the head. In Plecotus and 
Vesperugo it is the same. In Noctulina it is larger and with longer fibres, and inserted 
one eighth below the head of the tibia. In Cephalotes it is smaller, springing from the 
ilio-pectineal line, and inserted as usual; in this animal (Plate XIV. fig. 11, h) there 
is a separate slip of this muscle which springs from the pectineal point to be inserted 
along with the rest of the muscle ; at its origin it lies between the gracilis and the pec- 
tineus, and is superficial to the last : possibly this slip might represent the sartorius ; if 
we take into account that in some Artiodactyls and Edentates this muscle undoubtedly 
does arise from the pectineal eminence, it gives some colour to the supposition. If this 
be not the sartorius there is then no trace of that muscle in the entire series ; this is the 
case also regarding the tensor vaginse femoris, of which no Bat shows the slightest trace. 
The tendon of the gracilis in no species joins inseparably that of the hamstring, but, as 
Humphry found in his individuals of Pteropus Edwardsii , there is in the three species 
of this genus a slight adhesion. Cuvier groups this muscle and the hamstrings together 
as a bicipital single muscle. 
Pectineus (Plate XIV. fig. 8, i) lies under the gracilis, or posterior to it ; it arises 
from the horizontal ramus of the pubis, and is rounded at first (Humphry) ; its insertion 
is immediately below the tendons of the psoas and iliacus. In Noctulina it is higher up 
than in most of the others, not covered, only overlapped by the gracilis ; it is very small 
in Megaderma , larger in Macroglossus. In Pteropus edulis it is excessively small, indeed 
least of all ; in Artibeus it is largest, in Cynonycteris intermediate in size. 
In the Pipistrelle there is but one adductor, as in Plecotus, Vampyrops , Synotus ; this 
arises from the pubis and ischium between the last and the obturator externus; its 
insertion is into the anterior part of the thigh, below the pectineus for a varying extent. 
This muscle is bilaminar in Pteropus Edwardsii , very faintly so in edulis ; the upper part 
or adductor brevis is small, the lower or magnus extends three fourths down the bone. 
In Noctulina it is much the same, the fibres extending for the upper half of the femur. 
In Cephalotes and Macroglossus (Plate XIV. fig. 8 ,j, k) the muscle is bilaminar also, 
and extends to the same distance ; and this is the case in Megaderma and Eleutherura. 
Meckel and Cuvier only recognize a single adductor, which they say only extends to 
one third (Cuvier) or one half (Meckel) of the thigh. Humphry conjectures that the 
pectineus may contain in it the germ of the adductor longus. An upper part of this 
muscle Humphry supposes might be a quadratus femoris, and an external part separated 
by the sciatic nerve he supposes might be a biceps ; but there scarcely exists any anato- 
mical ground for this division. 
The biceps muscle is absent in all the Bats, as noticed by all anatomists. 
Obturator externus (Plate XIV. fig. 9, m) arises from the outside of the obturator 
foramen, winds round as usual, and is inserted into the trochanteric fossa ; it is square 
in V ampyrops , triangular in Noctulina and Cephalotes , very small and in two bands in 
Megaderma . 
