158 
PEOEESSOE A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
fibrous thread above the summit of that bone (which is not complete up to the knee) ; 
it meets the last muscle at the ankle, and the two tendons fuse. In Noctulina they are 
equally distributed to the five toes. In Macroglossus this muscle supplies the entire of 
the great toe, sends a fine thread to the fifth, forms fully half the tendon to the second 
and fourth, and sends an exceedingly thin filament to the third ; this toe, half the second 
and fourth, and the fifth are supplied by the tibial flexor ; this extends up to the femur 
in Megaderma, and in this the tendons are blended indistinguishably, except that the 
inner toe is only supplied by this muscle. In this animal likewise a thread of muscle 
passes from the os calcis to the tendon, forming the only rudiment of an accessorius with 
which I have met in the order (Humphry found none in the Pterojms). 
Tibialis posticus is very small, and springs from the middle of the back of the tibia, 
passing to the sesamoid bone behind the ento-cuneiform in Noctulina, or to the scaphoid 
in Macroglossus, or to the inner cuneiform in Megaderma ; it occasionally gets a little 
accession of fibres from the fibula, as Humphry found in Pterojms. Meckel says this 
muscle does not exist. 
Peronseus longus arises from the fibular condyle of the femur in Noctulina, descends 
to the inner side of the ankle receiving fibres from the fibula, and is inserted into the 
plantar surface of some of the tibial metatarsal bones (how many I could not say). In 
CejEialotes it does not rise to the femur, but has the same insertion. In Pterojms 
Edivardsii it is inserted into the second metatarsal bone ; in Pt. edulis it is inserted 
into the first and second ; in Macroglossus it is attached to the second metatarsal. 
Peronaius brevis is the only peroneal muscle present in Megaderma, and passes from 
the lower half of the fibula to the fifth metatarsal at the external side of the ankle. In 
Macroglossus it passes from the external condyle of the femur to the projecting spur on 
the cuboid bone ; in Eleutherura it passes to the fifth metatarsal, sending a peronseus 
quinti slip to the base of the first phalanx. Meckel found one perona3us only, and this 
is the case in the majority of species. Professor Humphry describes a peronseus tertius 
coexisting with the longus in Pterojms, arising from the front of the fibula, and 
inserted into the metatarsal bone of the fifth toe, with a slip to the extensor tendon of 
this toe ; in his male specimen this is the peronseus brevis, similar to the only peroneal 
muscle in Eleutherura ; its brevis nature is much more plainly seen in the other species 
of Pterojms , where its tendon is clearly postmalleolar. 
Extensor digitorum longus arises in all from the front of the femur by a slender 
tendon, and from the outer surface of the tibia above the tibialis anticus : its tendon 
passes in a special groove in the annular ligament, and divides on the dorsum of the 
foot into four slips, which pass to the dorsum of the four outer toes ; this is the arrange- 
ment in Noctulina, Macroglossus, and Cejjhalotes. There are five tendons in Megaderma, 
Eleutherura, and Phinolojihus. 
Tibialis anticus arises from the outside (posterior aspect) of the tibia for its lower 
half ( Pterojms and Megaderma), two thirds ( Macroglossus ), middle third ( Eleutherura ), 
or lowest third ( Noctulina ) ; it is inserted into the metatarsal bone of the hallux in most 
