PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE FOSSIL MAMMALS OF AUSTRALIA. 
223 
other by two grooves (ib. fig. 11), recalling those in the upper canines of Felis; the 
inner side (fig. 12, a ) in both teeth shows two longitudinal grooves, and a ridge of 
enamel behind the hindmost groove. 
Of the three succeeding small teeth which I have assigned to the premolar series 
(ante, p. 214), I recognize, in the cave-specimens, by the similarity of their very short 
crown and straight root, those answering to p 2 and p 3 in the upper jaw (Plate XI. figs. 
13 & 14) ; but there is a photograph of a larger tooth, though less than the canine, 
which in size at the base of the crown corresponds with thep 1 in place (id. ib.) on the 
inner and hinder side of the canine. This tooth has a low conical crown, 3 lines long 
by 4| in basal antero-posterior breadth. The premolar (fig. 14, p 2) has a root 10 lines 
in length, curved near the end to which it contracts. 
The two smaller succeeding premolars in place in the unique jaw (Plate XI. figs. 1-3) 
I have not thought proper to displace ; the photographs, which plainly show the same 
very short extent of enamelled crown, give to an example of p 2 a straight fang of 7 lines 
in length, and to one of p> 3 a similar fang 8 lines in length; both taper to an obtuse 
point. Amongst the duplicate teeth transmitted is a p 2 with half an inch of the solid 
straight fang, and the crown of a p 3 corresponding with that in the upper jaw (Plate XI. 
fig. 3). 
The photographs include three specimens of the great carnassial (p 4) with an ena- 
melled crown 2 inches in fore-and-aft basal extent, 9 lines in greatest vertical extent. 
The subject of one figure shows the two roots ; the foremost of which is 1 inch 6 lines 
long and 1 inch in fore-and-aft breadth, where it becomes free ; the hind root or division 
is 1 inch in length and about the same in fore-and-aft extent ; its greatest transverse 
thickness is 6 lines, and it contracts to an obtuse hinder border. Both roots are shown 
to be strongly marked, as in the tooth in situ (Plate XI. figs. 1 & 2), by fine subwavy 
longitudinal striae near their extremities, adding to the closeness of attachment to the 
alveolar periosteum. The characters of this huge carnassial in the fossil specimen are 
so closely repeated as to render figures of these photographs unnecessary. 
A side view and a view of the grinding-surface of the small tubercular molar are given 
in the photograph No. 7 : a similar specimen I have worked out of the breccia (Plate XI. 
fig. 3, to 1). This tooth closely resembles that shown on the inner side of the hind end 
of the great carnassial in Plate xi. Phil. Trans. 1859, and in Plate hi. ib. 1866. 
It is evident that the five small teeth between the upper laniary (i 1) and the carnas- 
sial ( p 4, figs. 1-3, Plate XI.) can have had but insignificant functional relations. They 
could not be opposed to mandibular teeth, if even their homotypes had been present or 
retained in the lower jaw. But of these there seem to have been but two, or at most 
three, developed, of very small size, on the inner side of the fore part of the lower car- 
nassial ; and I have seen no specimens of mandible in which they are retained. 
§ 5. Photographs and Cave-specimens of the Mandible and Mandibular Teeth. — The 
following are the most instructive photographs of portions of the mandible with 
2 h 2 
