OF THE SOLID CRUST OF THE EARTH. 
357 
compensation below running down 50 and 100 times the heights above the sea-level 
and depths of the sea below that level. The first of these gives the best results. This, 
then, I shall discuss. The only residual errors which are large are those at Damargida, 
showing a defect in gravity at that place compared with Punnae, and at Kalianpur in 
excess. On examining the numbers in the last column of Table I., paragraph 3, it will 
be seen that there is a very small horizontal force at Damargida, and at the stations next 
to it, north and south, the horizontal force is directed from Damargida m both cases. 
This indicates a deficiency of matter in the neighbourhood of that station, which accords 
with the residual error in my last Table VIII. Also in Table I. we see that there is a 
horizontal force from Kalianpur towards Takal Khera, and also from Takal Kliera 
towards Kalianpur. This indicates an abnormal excess of matter between those stations, 
and nearer to Kalianpur than to Takal Khera, as the force at the former is the larger 
of the two. This accords with an excess of matter near to Kalianpur, which is indicated 
by an excess of gravity shown in my Table VIII. At Bangalore the Table indicates a 
slight abnormal deficiency of matter. But Table I. shows a north horizontal force at 
Dodagoontah, more than four miles south of Bangalore. This would seem to imply that 
the slight deficiency of matter which causes the defect of gravity at Bangalore runs 
further south of Dodagoontah than it does north. It is generally difficult to compare 
the horizontal and vertical effects of a hypothetical excess or defect of matter, as all 
depends upon its situation relatively to the stations. Thus an excess or defect imme- 
diately below a station will not affect the plumb-line, whereas a defect or excess near 
the surface, and between stations and far from both, will not affect the vertical force 
materially. On the whole the peculiarities at Damargida, Kalianpur, and Bangalore 
seem to be sufficiently accounted for. The other residual errors in Table VIII., at 
Kaliana and Minicoy, are so small that they may be considered evanescent ; and seeing 
that the local attractions at those places, as shown in the first column of Table VIII., 
are very large, this result speaks decidedly in favour of the hypothesis. The fact that 
the anomalous circumstance is accounted for by the hypothesis, that a station out at sea 
exhibits a considerable increase in gravity, although surrounded by the ocean, which has 
a deficiency of attracting matter, is a very strong argument in favour of the hypothesis. 
Were the exact contour of the continent and the neighbouring sea-bed better known, the 
application of this method might be carried out more completely. As it is, however, 
what remains unexplained is not important. 
When we remember, then, that the calculations have been conducted in the particular 
case of the distribution of matter, in excess and defect, being uniform , whereas in 
the contracting of the mass this is not at all likely to have strictly been the case, and 
observe the way in which the hypothesis nearly explains the errors, while the usually 
received method does not do so at all, but indeed aggravates them considerably, I think 
the hypothesis may be regarded as receiving support from the Pendulum Observations 
recently made on the extensive continent, coast, and (in one important instance) the 
neishbourino- sea of India. 
