388 Chandler . — A Study of the Characters which serve to 
on each scale. In the fossil and in Sequoia the attachment is at a third of 
the length of the scale from its distal margin, in Athrotaxis the attachment 
scars are found immediately adjacent to the involute margin (Fig. 4, b ) ; 
and again, in the fossil five and six seeds have been counted on a scale, 
while recent Sequoia scales each bear from five to nine; but in Athrotaxis 
the maximum is five, and «the limits of variation are from three to five. 
Fig. 3. Cones. ( a ) and (b), two aspects of a cone of S. Couttsiae ; (c), S. semper virens ; (cf), 
Athrotaxis laxifolia . .s', seeds ; i, imbricate scales ; o, seminiferous scale ; b , bract ; e, escutcheon ; 
x, stalk. All magnified. 
Once again, therefore, there is adequate reason for referring the fossil to 
Sequoia. 1 
To the previous descriptions of the seeds of S. Couttsiae I would add 
that considerable variations of size and shape occur ; the smallest specimens 
measured were 2*5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, the largest 5 mm. long and 
2»5 mm. broad. The shape varies from a broad oval to a very narrow one ; 
sometimes the apex is provided with a mucro, and though a curved embryo 
