258 Brown. — On the Germination and Growth of 
the atmosphere of the store must not fall so low that anaerobic respiration 
sets in, it follows that the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide 
available in practice is something under 20 per cent. In the experiments 
to be described here the effects of much higher concentrations of carbon 
dioxide on fungal growth were tested, but special attention was directed to 
the effects of the lower concentrations admissible in practice. 
Historical. 
Numerous statements occur sporadically throughout fungal literature 
in connexion with the effect of temperature on fungal growth. Only the 
more recent and important papers dealing specially with fungi causing fruit- 
rot call for mention here. 
Schneider-Orelli (1) cites the following fungi as producing fruit-rot : 
Penicillium glaucum y P. italicum , Botrytis cinerea , Monilia fructigena , 
Gloeosporium fructigenum , G. album , Fusarium putre facie ns. Cladosporium 
herbarum , Mucor piriformis , and Rhizopus nigricans. He states that with 
the exception of P. italicum , which is the most sensitive of all to low 
temperature, all the preceding are capable of growth at 4*5° C., and the 
majority are even capable of slow growth in the neighbourhood of o° C. 
The most active parasites are Botrytis cinerea and Monilia fructigena , and 
the former does more damage in cold store by reason of its greater capacity 
for growth at low temperature. Monilia tends to disappear from the store 
as time goes on. The explanation put forward for this is that the low 
temperature, though not entirely inhibiting the growth of the fungus, is 
effective in preventing its spore development, in which respect the absence 
of light is probably an important contributory factor. 
Both these fungi, Botrytis cinerea and Monilia fructigena , are, 
according to this observer, of special importance in that they are able to 
attack a great variety of fruits over a wide range in respect of ripeness 
and over a wide range of temperature. The other fungi listed have more 
limited parasitic powers. Thus they may only be able to bring about 
attack when the fruit has reached an advanced stage of ripeness. Of this 
type is Penicillium glaucum , which shows markedly selective action in 
accordance with the ripeness of the fruit, and which, according to this 
author, can only attack the late-ripening varieties of home fruits with 
difficulty, at least for a long time. Its abundant spore-formation and its 
capacity to attack ripe fruit make it an important parasite during the late 
period of storage. 
Ames ( 2 ) determined the cardinal points for temperature (minimum, 
optimum, maximum) of a number of fungi causing fruit-rot. The minimum 
temperatures for germination given by this observer are as follows : for 
Monilia fructigena and Penicillium digitatum , i°; for Rhizopus nigricans 
