358 Kharak Singh . — Development of Root System of Wheat . 
The number of the shoots and leaves of the plants in pots watered 
from below was observed to be invariably greater than that of plants in 
corresponding pots watered from above. 
Fig. 2. Set A. Wheat plants on June 15, i. e. 55 days after sowing. Order: 1. 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 
4, 6, and\io, from left to right. 
Set B. Soils . — Three kinds of soil were used. (1) Pure sand, (2) brick- 
powder, (3) a mixture of 25 per cent, sand and 75 per cent. Rothamsted 
soil. 
Twelve pots of each soil were taken, six watered from below and six 
watered from above, and in half of them 3 in. of farm-yard manure was 
placed at the bottom of the pots. Thus there were three lots of twelve 
pots each, numbered as shown in Table II. 
Solving . — Seeds were graded between 0-05 and 0-06 grm. Seeds were 
sown on the 31st of May in each pot — 6J x 15 in. Only one small earthen- 
ware pot was placed in each of the big pots, for watering from below. 
Washing . — Washing was done as before at three stages of growth, 
i. e. 45, 59, and 66 days after sowing. The dry weights of roots and shoots 
are given in Table II and the photograph of the first lot at forty-five days 
in Fig. 3. 
This set grew under'somewhat abnormal conditions, as the weather was 
comparatively warm. The seeds took fourteen days to germinate in brick- 
powder, ten days in sand, and one week in loamy soil. A variety of spring 
wheat was used, as opposed to winter wheat in set A. 
As might be expected, owing to the abnormal weather conditions, at 
all stages the difference in the condition of the plants watered from below 
