16 DE. GLADSTONE ON THE EEFEACTION-EQTJIVALENTS OE THE ELEMENTS. 
A glance at this Table will be enough to show that the numbers are not independent 
of one another, but that there is a remarkable relation between them. Thus the bromides 
are between six and seven higher than the chlorides corresponding to them in the case 
of the univalent metals, and double that number in the case of the bivalent ; again, the 
line of sodium salts consists of numbers from three to four lower than the corresponding- 
potassium salts in the monobasic series, and double that number in the bibasic. This 
kind of relation is precisely what was to be expected if the refraction-equivalent of a salt 
is really made up of the refraction-equivalents of its constituents. These differences are 
drawn out in the following Tables. Table VI. exhibits the differences between the 
refraction-equivalent of potassium indicated by the letter A, and those of the other 
metals, together with ammonium and hydrogen, the radicals with which they are com- 
bined being indicated by Greek letters. Table VII. shows the differences between the 
refraction-equivalent of chlorine, represented by «, and those of the other radicals, the 
refraction-equivalent of each metal being represented by a different Roman letter. 
Table VI. 
Substance. 
Chloride. 
Bromide. 
Iodide. 
Nitrate. 
Formiate. 
Univalent. 
Potassium 
A + a 
A — 3-43+a 
A— 3 97 + a 
A+5'6 -j -a 
A+ 5-45 -fa 
A-f/3 
A— 3-20+/3 
A- 4-53+13 
A+y 
A — 3-20+ r 
A — 4-23+y 
A+5 
A — 3-22+5 
A~j~€ 
A+5-33+5 
A+15-1 + 5 
A+3-33+5 
A — 5-61+5 
A+ 12-64+e 
A+3-50+a 
A— 4-61+a 
A+3-44+/3 
A-4-44+/3 
A — 4‘55+y 
Hydrogen 
A-6-43+e 
Bivalent. 
Parium 
55 5J « 53 5$ Si 
*— ITf^COO 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 
+ + + + + 
2(A+0-27+/3) 
2(A— 1-33+/3) 
2(A-2-93+/3) 
2(A— 0-86+y) 
2(A— 0-48+5) 
2( A -1-27+5) 
2(A — 278+5) 
2(A— 4-15+5) 
2(A— 0-33+e) 
2(A— 0-72+e) 
2(A— 3-27+e) 
2(A— 4'84 + e) 
2(A— 3-39 + y) 
Zinc 
2(A — 3-11+/3) 
2(A— 1-15+/3) 
2(A-2-89+y) 
2(A— 2-85+5) 
2(A- 1-42+5) 
2(A — 2-09+5) 
2(A— 2-77+e) 
2(A— 1-96+/3) 
2(A -2-96+5) 
2(A — 2-87+5) 
2(A — 2-00+5) 
2(A+4-17+5) 
2(A+2-29+5) 
2(A— 1-47+/3) 
2(A— 3-15+y) 
2(A+l'78+a) 
2(A+3-12+a) 
Tkivalent. 
Aluminium 
3(A-5-3 -f«) 
3(A— 1-59-fa) 
3(A— 2-8 -fa) 
3(A — 0-13-fa) 
3(A-f 2-86-fa) 
3(A— 1-3S+5) 
Iron 
Chromium 
Gold 
Rhodium 
Quadrivalent. 
Platinum 
4(A— 1-65-fa) 
