66 
PROFESSOE OWEN ON BEMAINS OF A LAEGE EXTINCT LAMA 
“ The remains of this genus were most numerous in this Cavern (‘Lapa d’Anna Felicia’), 
and showed evidences of six individuals, mostly young animals”*. 
Professor Gervais, in the Anatomical Part or Appendix to Count Castelnau’s Expe- 
dition to the central parts of South Americaf, refers to the genus Auchenia some fossil 
bones of the feet found by Mr. Weddell in deposits at Tarija, in Bolivia, associated with 
Mastodon and other extinct species. They exceeded in size those of the largest Lama 
(. Auchenia lama), being intermediate in size between that and the Camel. M. Gervais 
observes that it may be, perhaps, the species said by Lund “ to exceed a horse in size” $ ; 
he figures the fragmentary fossils as belonging to an Auchenia Weddellii. 
More decisive evidences of Auchenia from the deposits at Tarija were afforded by 
fossil teeth. The first of these is a part of the upper jaw with the four chief molars 
(“ portant encore les quatre paires de molaires principales pour chaque cote,” Gervais, 
ut supra, p. 41), having a longitudinal extent nearly the same as that in the Lama. 
(This fossil is not figured, nor are the dimensions of the teeth given.) Next are men- 
tioned portions of mandibles “ with the four molars in place.” These are figured of half 
the natural size§. 
The longitudinal extent of the series is 85 millims. ( = 3" 4'"), while that in a large 
Lama in the Museum of Comparative Anatomy in the Jardin cles Plantes is 75 millims. 
( = 2 " 11 "'). 
In a specimen of Auchenia lama before me, the longitudinal extent of the four lower 
grinders is 3 inches, or 76 millims. The anterior molar (=p 4) of the fossil is 
stronger (‘ plus forte ’) than its correspondent in the living Lamas, and its anterior fold 
is much more marked. These fossils, with an astragalus and calcaneum, are referred to 
Auchenia Castelnaudii , Gerv. 
A fragment of the right ramus of the mandible with the molar m 2 in place and the 
alveoli of m 1 and p 4, inferior in size to that of Auchenia Castelnaudii, is indicative of 
an animal less than the domestic Lama but greater than the Vicugna, and it is referred, 
with a tibia which reproduces that of an Auchenia by its forms ||, to the Auchenia inter- 
media, Gerv. 
To the evidences, of extinct Camelidce in the tertiaries and post-tertiaries of North 
America, for which science is indebted to Professor Leidy, I shall refer in the sequel. 
* “ Levningerne af denne Slsegt horte til de tatrigere i denne Hule og antydede vel sex Individer, bvoraf de 
fleste unge Dyr.” — Op. cit. 12 Heel (1846) p. 89. 
t Expedition dans les parties centrales de l’Amerique du Sud, &c., sous la direction du Comte Francis de 
Castelnau : ‘ Anatomie,’ par M. Paul Geeyais, &c., 4to, 1855, p. 41. 
+ “ L’animal qui a laisse ces differents ossements etait trop superieur en dimensions aux Lamas actuels pour 
que Ton suppose qu’il a pu etre de la meme espece qu’eux, et il ne me parait pas douteux que l’examen de 
nouveaux debris montrera entre eux et lui de nouvelles differences ; c’est peut-etre cette espece ou une peu dif- 
ferente par les dimensions que M. Lund a compare au Cbeval. Elle approcbait du Cbameau sous le meme 
rapport, mais sans etre cependant aussi grande, et elle tenait le milieu entre lui et le Paco ou Guanaco.” 
§ Op. cit. plate 10. figs. 1 & 2. 
I! Op. cit. p. 43. 
