PROFESSOR WOOD ON THE NECK- AND SHOULDER-MUSCLES. 
107 
the manubrium and first rib. Some of the fibres of the larger origin are connected with 
the clavicle (ster no-clavicular), and the rest of them join the smaller origin under that 
bone, to be inserted near the anterior vertebral angle, and into the supraspinous fascia 
of the scapula. In the Hare they found one broad sternal origin and a very wide sca- 
pular insertion, extending along the whole cervical border, some of them adhering to the 
outer end of the rudimentary clavicle [sub damns or sterno-davicular) (Proc. Zool. Soc. 
June 1866, p. 398). In Cuvier and Laurtllard’s plates of the Porcupine (pi. 229. fig. 2) 
the sterno-scapular muscle, marked as a subdavius , is very long, and passes outward to 
the scapular spine. Macalister has also found it in this animal [op. at. p. 11). In the 
plates of the Capybara, Paca, and Squirrel, the same muscle, or the sterno-davicular , 
is marked as a deeper portion of the pectorals. In the common Squirrel I have found 
it as a distinct muscle, passing under the clavicle to the scapular spine and suprascapular 
fascia (Plate X. fig. 18, i). The sterno-scapular muscle receives its highest development 
in the Pachyderms and Puminants, and especially in the Elephant, Hippopotamus, 
Peccary, Pig, Horse, and Ass (Plate XI. figs. 20 & 21, 7), to whose heavy bodies it 
forms a powerful, muscular, sling-like support, upon and between the fore legs, reversing 
its “ point cV appui” as compared with its action in the animals before described, in whom 
its power is exercised chiefly in the direction of the fore limbs. In these heavier animals 
its arrangement scarcely calls for a more detailed description in this place. In his 
monograph upon the Hippopotamus, Gratiolet describes the muscle as the scapulo- 
sternal , arising from the coracoid and acromion processes and the supraspinatus fascia, 
and inserted into the manubrium sterni and first costal cartilage. He considers it as 
probably the homologue of the subdavius (p. 256). 
In the Marsupials, a muscle answering to it is represented by Cuvier and Laurillard 
in their plates of the Great Kangaroo, Kangaroo-Pat, and Sarigue, connected with the 
scapula and supraspinatus fascia. Galton mentions that in the Wombat a portion of 
the subdavius muscle is carried on through the supraspinatus fascia to the scapular 
spine ; and that the notes of a MS. work in the Oxford Museum describe in the same 
animal a second head of the subdavius , “ a very delicate one arising from the lower ribs and 
passing vertically upwards to end in a fine tendon.” Mivart describes a muscle passing 
from the sternum to the coracoid bone in the Iguana tuberculata (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, 
p. 779). 
The Scapulo-davicular muscle is described and figured in Cuvier and Laurillard’s 
plates of the Pat-mole of the Cape (pi. 216 + ) with the following annotation: — “Dans 
ces notes marginales,” M. Cuvier dit, “ II existe un muscle particulier allant de la portion 
moyen de l’omoplate a la clavicule, oil il s’insere derriere la deuxieme portion clavicu- 
laire du trapeze, ou pourra 1’appeler ‘ sus-clavier ’ on ‘ scapulo-clavien.’ ” They also 
describe and figure, under the same names and nearly the same terms, a like muscle in 
the Sarigue [Didelphis marsupialis ). 
On a review of this group of muscles in the foregoing animals, the sterno-scapular 
muscle seems, in many instances, to embody the fibres of the subdavius, and in others 
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