DR. J. CLELAND OX THE VARIATIONS OE THE HUMAN SKULL. 
133 
in the length of arc while the chord remained unaffected. The measurement has not 
proved necessary for the purpose for which it was undertaken, but it has served to lay 
bare some points of interest. In most of the nationalities examined, including the 
German, Scotch, Irish, Greek, Negro, Kafir, Maori, and Australian, the ratio of the 
Proportion to parietal arc of 
Proportion to parietal chord of 
Occipital arc. 
Erontal arc. 
Occipital chord. 
Frontal chord. 
Average. 
Extremes. 
Average. 
Extremes. 
Average. 
Extremes. 
Average. 
Extremes. 
2 Esquimaux 
98 
100 
97 
108 
109 
108 
88 
90 
87 
107 
110 
104 
8 German 
94 
102 
104 
126 
91 
82 
90 
100 
120 
83 
7o 
90 
9 French 
94 
118 
102 
118 
93 
87 
97 
80 
103 
115 
85 
97 
8 Scotch 
93 
102 
86 
100 
109 
85 
94 
81 
99 
107 
90 
9 Irish 
91 
110 
71 
100 
107 
80 
91 
67 
97 
102 
94 
91 
4 Kafir 
91 
97 
85 
100 
104 
94 
84 
90 
97 
102 
* 7 
91 
7 Negro 
88 
108 
73 
100 
110 
87 
82 
100 
68 
97 
107 
86 
5 Greek 
88 
102 
78 
98 
108 
81 
88 
73 
95 
104 
92 
91 
3 Hindoo 
00 
88 
87 
100 
110 
94 
84 
88 
81 
101 
114 
9 a 
2 Peruvian 
85 
87 
100 
no 
90 
95 
85 
107 
117 
83 
90 
97 
2 Kanaka 
84 
85 
94 
102 
81 
83 
94 
102 
86 
84 
87 
80 
7 Australian 
82 
92 
93 
110 
76 
82 
90 
102 
71 
81 
72 
80 
1 Maori 
81 
90 
9 o 
QO 
b- b^ 
88 
6 Chinese 
80 
100 
100 
91 
92 
100 
86 
72 
84 
72 
occipital to the parietal chord is considerably less than that of the occipital to the pari- 
etal arc ; and the ratio of the frontal chord to the parietal is also a little less than that 
of the frontal to the parietal arc. This means that in those nations the frontal part of the 
arch is more curved than the parietal, and the occipital more curved than either. In the 
French, according to the average of the nine skulls examined, the ratio of the frontal to 
the parietal chord is slightly greater than that of the frontal to the parietal arc ; and 
on looking at the measurements of the individual skulls, it is seen that this is the case in 
four instances, that in two instances the proportions of the chords and arcs are the same, 
and that in the remaining three instances the figures indicating the proportionate lengths 
of the frontal chords are only very slightly smaller than those of the frontal arcs. There- 
fore, so far as these nine skulls bear evidence, the French differ from the nations above 
mentioned in having the parietal region of the arch as much curved as the frontal, or 
more so. In this the French skulls agree with the Hindoo, the Chinese, and the Kanaka ; 
but these three nations present the additional peculiarity that in the occipital region the 
MDCCCLXX. t 
