DR. J. CLELAND OX THE YAEIATIOXS OF THE HUMAN SKULL. 
137 
Angle of 
tuberosity. 
Postforaminal 
angle. 
Orbito-frontal 
angle. 
O 
O 
French 24 
124 
163 
77 
German 28 
122 
158 
76 
German 29 
125 
154 
80 
Old Officer 
120 
166 
74 
Corfu 45 
120 
153 
75 
Irish 51 
125 
153 
78 
Irish 52 
130 
150 
75 
Burke 
120 
166 
76 
I 
A much more astonishing instance of driving-in of the base of the skull is seen in the 
anomalous skull (91) belonging to Professor Thomson. In it the part of the occipital 
bone between the tuberosity and foramen magnum has not yielded, while the parts 
further forwards have given way to an astonishing extent. This may be accounted for 
by the great thickness of the occipital bone in this instance ; or, if the theory be true 
that it is a baker’s skull driven in by the weight of heavy trays carried habitually on it, 
it is likely to have happened that the pressure began to be applied after the superior 
and lateral ossifications of the occipital bone were united, and before synostosis of the 
elements of the base had been completed. These observations on this remarkable skull 
are, however, put forward subject to the criticisms of Professor Thomson, in whose pos- 
session it is. 
National differences in angles connected with the arch . — These will be most rapidly 
noticed by grouping the peculiarities of each nationality together. The writer has 
studied them with the aid of averages in which the sexes have been kept separate, and 
regard has been had to the skulls in which gravitation changes have taken place ; but it 
will be sufficient to state the conclusions at which he has arrived, leaving the reader to 
verify them from the data in the General Table. 
In the Scotch skulls the orbito-frontal angle is decidedly below average, that is to say, 
the forehead slopes more than usually back on the floor of the skull ; also the skull rises 
more rapidly than usual behind the foramen magnum, and the angle at the occipital 
tuberosity is unusually flat. 
The Irish, on the contrary, have the occipital bone extending very horizontally back- 
wards from the foramen magnum, as indicated by the large postforaminal angle. They 
have the curve of the forehead unusually prominent, as indicated by the smallness of the 
midfrontal angle. 
The Germans, like the Irish, have the midfrontal angle prominent ; they have great 
curvature at the occipital tuberosity. 
The French have the orbito-frontal angle decidedly smaller than even the Scotch ; they 
have coronal flatness as indicated by large fronto-parietal angle, and at the back of the 
head bend rapidly at the tuberosity. 
While in the different European nations the midparietal angle retains an average size 
of about 133°, the Esquimaux, Kafir, Negro, and Australian agree in having it larger, 
