170 
DK. J. CT/RLANU ON THE VARIATIONS OE THE HUMAN SKULL. 
Description of the Skulls mentioned in the General Table. 
1 to 6, Foetal skulls. — 1 & 3 are specimens preserved in spirit, the others are dried. 
The first five were bisected and the section traced with ink on oiled paper ; the sixth 
was measured with the craniometer. 
7 to 11, Skulls of new-born infants. — 7 was a recent specimen, which was bisected and 
the section traced. The others are specimens in the Anatomical Museum of the Uni- 
versity of Edinburgh. 
12 to 18, Children of various ages mentioned in the Table. — The ages of the Edin- 
burgh specimens were taken from the Catalogue and from the dentition of the skulls. 
13 is a specimen prepared under the writer’s observation. 
19 to 27, French. — 19 to 24, male; 2*5 to 27, female. 24 bears the inscription 
“ Soldier of Napoleon and Knight of the Legion of Flonour.” It is a large and heavy 
skull, with the face large as well as the cranium, and with the base-line singularly long 
for a European ; probably it belonged to a tall man. 20 has a clino-cephalic depression 
at the top of the coronal suture, which may have been the result of spheno-parietal 
synostosis ; the spheno-parietal and spheno-frontal sutures are obliterated, and the 
sagittal begun to disappear. The arch is much thrown backwards. 25 is a marked 
instance of retention in the adult female of certain infantile characters — levelness of 
base, unelevatecl condyles leaving the skull unrotated on the vertebral column, and, in 
harmony with this, smallness of face and anterior lobes of the brain ; the malar and 
frontal breadth both being very small as compared with the greatest breadth. 26 con- 
trasts with 25 in being high in the arch and steep in the base ; both skulls may have 
exhibited, during life, prominence of forehead, 25 from non-rotation on the column, 26 
from shortness of orbital length. 27, the skull apparently of a female about thirty, 
has undergone a certain amount of deformation in the upper and back part from acci- 
dental pressure. The occipital squama is flat, the parietals are curved, and a hollow is 
formed at the top of the coronal suture, not by restriction of growth from synostosis, but 
by the rise of the parietals. 
28 to 35, German. — Unfortunately there is no information from what part of Germany 
any of these skulls were obtained. 28 to 32 are male, 33 to 35 female. 28 Sc 29 are 
skulls of aged persons. 28 is toothless, very unsymmetrical, with the foramen magnum 
much sunk between the mastoid processes, and the base fractured, apparently post- 
humously ; the skull is anomalously broad behind. 33 is remarkable for the smallness 
of the fronto-nasal angle. 34 has the frontal suture open, the base level, the orbit 
shallow, the face short, and the condyles non-elevated. 
36 to 43, Scotch. — 36, the skull of the historian George Buchanan. The base is 
injured, a portion of the occipital bone in front and behind the foramen magnum being 
destroyed. The injured portion is restored in the diagram in dotted lines, and the pos- 
sibility of error is extremely slight. This skull was obtained when some alterations 
were being made in the Grey Friars Church, Edinburgh, and was deposited in the 
Natural-History Museum of the University. 37, a. small skull with a large orbito-nasal 
