5 * 
„r V abundant as the present promises to be, and perhaps the produce for these has 
exceeded the averVassumed here. The produce of partially cleared ands too, 
mav have been somewhat underrated. The grain-dealers may also have had a supply 
in hand at the beginning of 1833. Some of these causes must have been in opera- 
tion Besides the registered exports too, it is well-known that considerable quanti- 
ties of rice have been exported occasionally from Province Wellesley to the borders 
of Kedah and Perak. , _ , 
The o-rain season commences about the middle or end of July on Penang, and 
about the middle of August in Province Wellesley. In the latter, the ryots continue 
planting until the middle of October, being regulated by the degrees in which their 
fields are flooded. The grain is ripe within from 5 to 8 months after planting. 
The rice produced here is of the same description as that raised in Kedah, and 
it ranks next to Bengal rice in the market. . , . . - , 
The varieties of rice are very considerable and they are nicely discriminated by 
the Malays. At first, one might feel disposed to think these people fanciful, but on 
a narrow inspection, the different kinds of rice are observed to possess distinct 
features. , , . . , 
The following are those sorts best known, and they have been arranged as near- 
ly as may be, according to their generally received value. The first five may be cut 
by the sickle and are termed giyau. 
FOR SAW AH OR WET LAND CULTIVATION. 
Sri raja, sri humi, riyong, sri bangsa, sri menjadi, ripen in 7 months and are 
denoted as of the first class by the word sri (excellent) prefixed. . 
Mayang srai, white and short ; mayang tilor, yellowish grain; mayang buin, 
white grain ; mayang pinang, reddish grain ; mayang kudong, white gram ; mayang 
tilui dark grain ; bujang besar, white grain ; sisat, white and long grain ; beinban, 
unak lebah , reddish grain ; chak pauh, dark grain. These ripen within 7 months. 
Mayang sapangku , white, sultan bersendayan, bodul , ripen in b months. 
Mayang kuning, mayang gading, bunga machang , bunga sena, sunting mam- 
pelai, bunga pandan, riyong kechil, unak ikan, borat, chanda ber-inai, ripen in 6 
months. . . . , . . , 
Ekor, serip mas, j arum puak, rambut, sawa, taring pelandok, pimng, bawang , 
ripen in 6 months. ... 
Pan^et-so, lately introduced from China, ripens in 100 days. 
The following are different kinds of the oryza glutmosa, or pulut rice: — 
Pulut itam, pulut galah , ripen in 5 months. 
Pulut gaharu, pulut kilah, pulut santan, pulut salambar nibong, pulut kuchmg 
likat, pulut gading, pulut gantongalu, pulut naga bilai, pulut kajang , pulut sepal, 
pulut indan, pulut sikapal, ripen in 7 months. 
Padi jagong. This species is said to be cultivated in Kedah, and to give two 
crops in one rainy season. . 
The following are varieties of the upland rice, or padi uma , which will not 
thrive on flooded land : — 
Mayang jagong, biji trong, sabun, j arum perak, ripen in 4 months. 
Tuma, Sungkal, Bruang, ( the bear,) kala, ( scorpion,) anak mural, langsat, 
ripen in 5 months. 
Jintan, Jebat, ripen in 6 months. * 
The Malays here have not attempted double cropping as on the Continent of India. 
There are no tanks, and it is only at a very few spots^ that they could be made. 
Most of the Malayan wet land rice requires so long a period to reach maturity, that 
there would be a deficiency of water for a second crop were an attempt to be made 
to grow one. But the Malays are obstinate in asserting that, were water abundant, 
still the rice sown here will not fructify after the rainy season has passed. But the 
jagong rice before noticed seems an exception. 
The Chinese, last year, introduced from China a species of rice termed by them 
Panget-so, which is short grained, of a reddish colour and goes to ear in 3 months and 
ten days after planting, and as it is a species which requires to be flooded it promises 
to be an acquisition, although a very light grain. 
There are considerable tracts of land bordering the bakau or mangrove flats, 
* The following list of various kinds of grain is taken from the catalogue of specimens sent home to the 
Imperial Institute (1892) : — 
Padi Nachin Kuning, from Malacca. 
„ Nachin Puteh, do. 
” Nachin SaroSn from Negri Sembilan. This is a heavy paddy, boiling hard, one of the slowest 
growing kinds taking six months to ripen. Favourite paddy for horses 
„ Nachin. Hard-boiling rice, favourite with the lower classes. Negri Sembilan. 
