Drs. 
Brought forward, .. 516.95 
1 Watchman, who also cleans, weeds and looks to the 
• supply of wafer &c. &c, ... ... ... ... 15 
Reaping by the sickle or penggiau. If by renggam it 
would be 10 per cent. ... ... ... ... 8 
15 days treading out the grain by buffaloes, and win- 
nowing it, (the former operation is made at night,) and 4 labourers ... 6 
Carrying home and housing ... ... ... 5 
Granary ... ... ... ... 25 
A granary costs, for this quantity of grain, about 25 
drs. and will last 5 years only; being of light materials. 
Mats, baskets, bags ( these cost about 2 drs. and last 
3 years ) ... ... ... ... ... 2 
Loss by accidents ... ... ... ... 2 
Total of 1st year, drs. 
Second Year. 
579-95 
Expenses as before, only deducting for first clearing of 
land, for buffaloes, carts, ploughs, &c. &c. granary and bags. ... 76 
Total expenses for two years, drs. 655.95 
PRODUCE. 
When the land is of good quality and well suited to the plough, then the net 
annual average produce of one or long with another will hardly be less than 480 gan- 
tangs of paddy, or 240 of rice, in favorable seasons. 
The crop for 20 or longs will therefore be 12 koyans of 
paddy @ 35 drs. per koyan, ... ... ...drs. 420 
For the 2 years, therefore, the case will stand thus : 
Two years produce 24 koyans of paddy @ 35 drs. 
per koyan ... ... ... ... ...840 
Total expenses of cultivation for the period, or 2 crops 655.90 
Sp, drs. 184.10 
Deduct interest, 84 dollars averaged @ 15 per annum 
and quit-rent, 30 drs. ... ... ... _ IX ^ 
Net profit, Sp. drs. 70.10 
Were the paddy to be converted into rice, the profit would probably be some- 
times diminished by about 15 Spanish dollars, as the cost of unhusking and winnow- 
ing the paddy would amount to 75 Spanish dollars, being i£ dollar the kuncha , and 
especially as paddy and rice do not always bear the same relative value in the mar- 
ket. The price of 35 dollars has been assumed as that which has, for very many years 
back, been deemed a fair average one. Whether if will continue to fall or rise, will 
depend on events which it is not easy to foresee. But the probability is rather in 
favor of enhanced prices in the koyan. At the end of the 2nd year, the clear profit by 
the above estimate is 70 Sp. dollars after the capital has been returned and interest 
and all charges have been deducted. For every subsequent year therefore we have 
12 koyans of paddy @ 35 drs. per koyan 
Expense of cultivation, 
Drs. 420 
» 76 
Quit-rent and interest, 
344 
*5 
Total profit, Sp. Drs,,... 
329 
This will be a profit of 16 dollars an or long after deducting interest on the outlay. 
This will nearly correspond with the rent in kind received from the best land. 
It will be borne in mind that the highest present rate of productiveness has been 
stated at 600 gantangs of paddy an or long, which would admit of a net profit, on one 
orlong, of 2o£ Sp. dollars. It is probable that a failure of the crop may be looked for 
once in ten or twelve years ; for in these regions there is evidently a cycle of seasons 
although the cause is not apparent; and those of the intermediate years will fluctuate 
fin quantity as is the case in most countries. 
