( 9 ) 
From the above table it can be seen that the average 
yield derived from wet padi is 203 “ gantangs ” per 
acre, that is, just over 1,000 lbs. of unhusked rice. 
It may also be seen that the yields derived from 
wet padi are approximately double those obtained 
from dry padi cultivation. 
Milling. Chinese enterprise copes with the 
milling in areas which produce a 
surplus above consumption. There are 10 large 
power mills in the country, but there is rarely 
enough padi to keep them all fully running. Several 
large rubber estates have installed small power mills 
and purchase padi directly from the producers for 
milling, to supply their own labour with rice. The 
cultivators use 2 types of simple mills for milling 
for their own daily needs. One type consists in 
pounding the padi in a mortar either by hand, foot 
or water power, and in the other type the padi is 
hulled between revolving milling surfaces, the sur- 
faces being made by cementing together a number 
of laths of hard wood in a matrix of hardened clay. 
By-Products. Milling by-products are relatively un- 
important. The bran and polishings 
are used as cattle, pig and poultry food, and the 
husks are burned as fuel for the power mills. 
Pests. Pests, other than rats, are rarely 
serious unless the soil is poor or 
moisture is insufficient. Rats do an immense amount 
of damage annually and it is most difficult to induce 
the cultivators to adopt measures to exterminate 
these vermin. Poison and traps are effective if only 
the ravats would employ them properly. Birds are 
very destructive in small isolated padi areas but 
the cultivators take more trouble to counteract their 
depredations than they do those of rats. The chief 
