( 24 ) 
being preferable in order to minimise the loss arising* 
through leakage. Casks of standard size are em- 
ployed, 10 tons of oil requiring about 15 casks. 
After separation from the fibre, the nuts are dried 
and then cracked by a nut-cracking machine, the 
kernels being separated from the shells by flotation 
in brine or clay, suspended in water. The kernels, 
are then dried for export, the shells being used as. 
fuel. 
The expression of the oil from the kernels is carried 
out in a similar way to that already described for 
copra, the kernels being ground and hot-pressed 
twice in order to obtain the maximum yield of oil. 
The residue known as palm kernel cake is used as. 
a feeding stuff. 
Uses . — Palm oil finds a varied application in industry 
according to its free fatty acid content. While an 
oil of medium quality is largely employed in the 
manufacture of soaps, lubricating greases and 
candles, an oil with a minimum quantity of free 
fatty acids, from 2 to 4 per cent., can be used for 
edible fats. Hitherto, the quantity of such high 
grade palm oil available has been limited; but, with 
regular supplies coming forward, it should be able 
to compete as an edible fat with either coconut or 
palm kernel oil, since it has been proved that high 
quality palm oil forms an excellent basis for the 
preparation of substitute butters. 
As stated above, palm kernel oil is used chiefly in 
the manufacture of edible fats, smaller quantities 
being employed in the soap making industry. Palm 
kernel cake is used as an ingredient of many feeding, 
stuffs. 
