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oil the dried roots are steam distilled. The oil is 
very viscous and the distillation is therefore lengthy. 
The yield of oil is about 0.5 per cent, calculated on 
the fresh air-dried root. 
Vetiver oil is used exclusively in perfumery on 
account of its fixing properties, since it prevents 
other essential oils from volatilising too rapidly. 
The present market price (Sept. 1923) of the oil 
is about 21s. per lb. 
Limes. ( Citrus acida ). — A small spiny tree 
producing the well-known lime fruits 
which, in addition to being used as fruits, are also 
employed for the manufacture of concentrated lime 
juice and citric acid. 
During the process, the essential oil contained in 
the rind of the fruit is recovered, partly as an 
expressed oil and partly as a distilled oil. The 
expressed oil is obtained by treating the fruits in 
an ecueille as previously described, while the distilled 
oil is recovered when the first concentration of the 
raw juice, obtained by crushing the fresh fruits, is 
carried out. 
Oil of limes is used in perfumery, as a flavouring 
for essences and confectionery, and in the prepara- 
tion of scented soaps. 
The present market prices (Sept. 1923) of the oils 
are: Expressed 7s. Qd. per lb., Distilled 3s. 6d. per lb. 
Cloves. ( Eugenia caryophyllata) . — A small 
conical tree yielding the cloves of com- 
merce, which are the dried unopened flower buds. 
It is only, however, the inferior grades of cloves 
which are used for the production of the oil. 
The cloves are steam distilled to obtain the essential 
oil, the yield being from 15 to 18 per cent. 
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