( 8 ) 
merits with these and other varieties, which may be 
imported from time to time, with a view to obtaining 
improved strains which will give higher yields and 
be more resistant to disease. 
TAPIOCA. 
( Manihot utilissima). 
Tapioca or cassava, a native plant of Brazil, is 
cultivated in all tropical countries for its large 
tuberous roots, which are used either directly as 
food or for the manufacture of the several forms 
of tapioca of commerce. 
The following figures show the exports of tapioca 
from the Federated and Non-Federated Malay States 
during the year 1921: — 
Federated Malay Non-Federated 
States. Malay States. 
Quantity. 
Value. 
Quantity. 
Value. 
Pikuls 
$ 
Pikuls 
■? 
Flake 
4,864 
22,081 
25,239 
137,695 
Flour 
1,185 
5,736 
23,322 
92,618 
Pearl 
10,615 
76,540 
170,338 
1,026,654 
Total 
16,614 
104,357 
215,899 
1,256,967 
Cultivation. — Tapioca is propagated from stem cut- 
tings, which are planted three feet apart. The 
cuttings should be five to six inches in length and 
are planted in a sloping direction. The stems are 
generally made up into bundles, each containing 
twenty pieces from four to five feet long, the usual 
price being fifteen cents pgr bundle; about twenty 
of these bundles are required to plant an acre. The 
