( 21 ) 
kept down as much as possible in padi areas. When 
the crop is growing, the insects may be reduced by- 
collecting the eggs, nymphs and adults. 
Nephotettix bipunctatus , Fb,, ( Jassidae ), and 
Nezara viridula, Linn., (Pentatomidae) . 
These two bugs are not very serious pests, but 
occasionally reduce the yield of padi, the former by 
sucking the sap from any part of the aerial portions 
of the stem,- and the latter by sucking the sap from 
the developing grain. Nephotettix bipunctatus is 
attracted to light and may be controlled by light 
traps. Nezara viridula should be collected and 
destroyed. 
(2) “Borfttg” The caterpillars of the Pyralids, 
Caterpillars. Siga ( Schoenobius ) incertellus 
(b'ipunctifer) , Walk., Chilo simplex , 
Butl., Diatraea sp., and the Noctuid, Sesamia 
inferens , Walk., are all found boring the stems of 
the padi plant, and cause a reduction in the yield 
as well as uneven ripening. Clean cultivation should 
be employed for the control of all these insects. 
(3) Leaf- A large variety of caterpillars in- 
eating eluded as leaf-eating are usually 
Caterpillars. present, and from time to time do 
considerable damage. 
The caterpillars of Parnara mathias , Fb., ( Hesper - 
iidae), which roll the leaves of padi and feed inside 
them; of Melanitis ismene , Cram., (Nymphalidae) , 
of Nymphula depunctalis, Gn., ( Pyralidae ), which 
are semi-aquatic; and of Spodoptera pec-ten , Gn., 
( Noctuidae ), which is very sporadic and generally 
limited at first to a small area, all cause some 
damage to padi. 
£ 2 *' 
IA& 
