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South Africa, but the greater part of the actual 
work of surveying, and most of the computing and 
drafting is done by Asiatics who are recruited from 
the local schools and trained in the department. 
9. Approximately fifty per cent, of the sub- 
ordinate staff are Malays who take to survey work 
very readily, but a long time must elapse and the 
facilities for technical education must be greatly 
improved before they will be able to aspire to the 
higher posts in the department. 
10. In the comparatively short history of the 
country, however, a great deal has been done and 
schemes for technical education are in process of 
development. 
11. The work of the Survey Department is an 
integral part of the system of land administration 
and the accuracy of the surveys and of the records 
of alienated land render the work of land adminis- 
tration a comparatively simple problem. 
3. LAND ADMINISTRATION IN JOHORE. 
By G. E. Shaw. 
The small map shows the progress of map work 
in the Peninsula. 
Until the year 1910 lands of small area in the 
State of Johore were occupied by Malays and Chinese 
under an unwritten customary law which conveyed 
a limited right of ownership. 
According to the principles of this customary 
tenure the clearing of land created for the occupier 
a proprietary tenant right, transferable and inherit- 
