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The Survey Department of Kedah was establish- 
ed in August, 1910. The office is administered by 
the Superintendent of Surveys. The secondary 
triangulation of the State is based on the primary 
triangulation of the Federated Malay States. The 
location and charting of old alienations is done by 
Assistant Surveyors who demarcate the holdings 
as pointed out by the owners and plant granite 
boundary marks at the corners. The prismatic 
compass and chain are used in this preliminary 
work. After plotting and charting, a tracing of a 
group of holdings is sent for settlement to the Land 
Office, and if in order, are returned signed by a 
Boundary Officer and accompanied by a requisition 
for survey. From this work “ Surat Kechil ” 
(provisional grants) are prepared if titles are 
urgently required. The final surveys are then put 
in hand. These are done by Surveyors with theo- 
dolite or circumferentor and standardized steel 
bands and linked up to control traverses. Tracings 
are then forwarded to the Land Office for final 
settlement after which “ sura putus ” (permanent 
grants) are prepared. The plans are reduced and 
charted on the standard sheets and the maps are 
filed in the Survey Office. 
The acquisition of land for public purposes is 
regulated by the Acquisition of Land for Public 
Purposes Enactment No. 19/31 as amended by 
Enactment No. 17/34. When it has been decided 
by the State Council to acquire any land for any 
public purpose, the Director of Lands draws up for 
the information of the Government, a report on the 
value of the land and the trees, crops and buildings 
thereon. In assessing the value he may summon 
one or two unofficials to assist him. If the report is 
