( 9 ) 
Licenses are issued by the Deputy Controller of 
Labour in Penang and under the new regulations are 
endorsed by the Agent of the Government of India. 
The number of labourers each kangany is authorised 
to recruit is limited in the first instance to twenty — the 
maximum commission is limited to Rs. 10/- per head 
for each labourer recruited. 
On arrival in India the kangany takes his license 
for registration to the office of the Malayan Emigration 
Commissioner in Madras, an officer of the Malayan 
Civil Service appointed by the Malayan Governments 
with the approval of the Government of India to 
supervise emigration to this country, or in Negapatam 
to the office of the Assistant Emigration Commissioner. 
Only on endorsement by one or other of these officials 
does the license become valid. The period of currency 
of the license is usually for six months and is limited 
to one year. 
After having his license registered the usual routine 
is for the kangany to proceed to the offices of Messrs. 
Binny & Co., Madras’, or Messrs. Madura Company, 
Negapatam. These firms are the British India Steam 
Navigation Company’s Agents and generally act as 
financial agents in India for employers in Malaya. 
There is no obligation to employ either of these 
firms and at various times other arrangements have 
been made by individual employers, but in practice the 
two firms enjoy a virtual monopoly. 
After receiving an advance (usually about Rs. 20/-) 
from the financial agents the kangany proceeds to his 
own village and there informs his friends and relations 
of the conditions of labour on his estate. 
