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18. In describing the institution of the Indian 
Immigration Fund reference has been made to the office 
of the Controller of Labour- This official is ex-officia 
Chairman of the Indian Immigration Committee and 
as such administers the Indian Immigration Fund 
The Labour Department of which he is head exists 
for the protection of labourers of all classes’ on estates 
and other places of employment. 
Before the consolidation of the labour laws which 
was first effected in the Federated Malay States by 
the Labour Code, 1912, and in the Colony by the 
Labour Ordinance, 1920, separate Enactments existed 
for the protection of Chinese, Indian and Netherlands 
Indian (Javanese) labourers. 
The Indian Immigration Departments of the Straits 
Settlements and Federated Malay States had been 
combined at the time of the institution of the Indian 
Immigration Committee in 1907 and with the passing 
of the Netherlands Indian Labourers’ Protection 
Enactments in the Colony in 1908 and Federated Malay 
States in 1909 — the supervision of this class of labour 
was entrusted to the same Department. On the intro- 
duction of the Labour Code the Labour Department- 
in its present form was constituted. 
It absorbed and took over the duties of the old Indian 
Immigration Department, while officers of the Chinese 
Protectorate were appointed Deputy or Assistant 
Controllers of Labour to deal with questions of Chinese 
labour. Practically the Chinese branch is quite 
distinct and is administered by the Secretary for 
Chinese Affairs' as part of the Protectorate, but in 
