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ment of trained and experienced teachers and on 
several estates the former teachers have been 
replaced by teachers trained in India and Ceylon. 
It is evident that managers are becoming alive to the 
advantages of providing facilities for the education 
of their coolies' children, as improvements in build- 
ings, furniture and apparatus have been willingly 
effected whenever funds are available." 
The latest Labour Ordinance provides that “ the 
Controller of Labour may by order in writing require 
any employer on a place of employment where ten 
or more children of any one race betwen the ages 
of seven and fourteen years, being dependents of 
labourers on such place of employment, reside, to 
construct within a reasonable time and maintain at 
his own expense a school for such children with 
such school teacher or teachers as shall seem suffi- 
cient to the Controller." 
It should be explained that in 1922 there were more 
Indians than Malays in the English schools of the 
Colony and nearly twice as - many Indians as Malays 
in those of the Federated Malay States. 
(d). Chinese Vernacular Schools. 
The enthusiasm for education which is so charac- 
teristic of post-Revolufionary China has found an 
echo among the Chinese of the Peninsula. 
There have always been in Malaya many old- 
fashioned schools, run by a man who combined the 
professions of teaching, doctoring, fortune-telling 
calling being the fact that he was the one man in 
and divining, the sole qualification for his pluralist 
