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of the Peninsula a back-flow from the East Indian 
islands? We know that of old, miners visited the 
country, in presumably pre-Malay times, and the 
beautifully worked stone implements, which are to 
be commonly found, seem to bear testimony to a 
former population, occupying most of the country, 
which was higher in the scale than the present 
aboriginals of any of the three races. Did these 
ancient people disappear, or were they absorbed by 
the Malay immigrants ? Again, how are we to 
account for the comparatively dense “ Malay ” popu- 
lation of Kelantan, or of Trengganu and the Patani 
States of Siamese Malaya, when Johore, Selangor, 
and even Perak, all of which lie closer to Sumatra — 
" the original home of the Malays ” — had, until 
lately, a very small population ? Of course Kelantan 
may have been peopled by way of Kedah, but there 
are certainly reasons for considering that the Malays 
found some fairly civilized race in occupation of 
parts of the country on their arrival. Probably 
further knowledge of the ancient country of Ligor 
would throw much light upon our present darkness. 
The Malay. Ethnographically the Malay has been 
His classed as a modified Southern Mongol 
appearance, on account chiefly of his straight black 
hair, round head, somewhat prominent 
cheek bones and eyes which are sometimes slightly 
oblique. He is usually a man of short stature, 
sturdy and well-proportioned. The joints are fine 
and the hands and feet small. Stature, however, 
varies a good deal and Kelantan men tend to be 
tall, while the people of Negri Sembilan, due perhaps 
to the admixture of aboriginal blood, are often below 
the average height, this being about 5 feet 4 inches 
for men. The skin is usually of a rich, light brown 
