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houses; the prevention of nuisances including mosquito 
breeding; the control of malaria; the supervision of 
hotels, lodging houses, eating houses, theatres' and 
other places of public resort, the levying of assessment. 
These laws are very comprehensive and if carried 
out to their fullest extent ensure a high state of 
sanitation. 
• 
The local sanitary authorities consist of Govern- 
ment officers and non-officials under the chairmanship 
of a member of the Civil Service. The executive staff 
include health officers, engineers and sanitary 
inspectors. 
Housing. 
The housing clauses in the Municipal Ordinance 
and in the Sanitary Board acts are thoroughly up to 
date- No building can be erected until the plan has 
been scrutinised and passed by the urban authorities. 
Plans are also required for alterations to buildings, 
lighting, ventilation, drainage, water supply and 
latrine accommodation are all governed by by-laws. 
Urban Water Supplies. 
In the majority of cases' towns are supplied with 
water derived from uninhabited catchment areas and 
filtered through sand filters. Both slow sand beds and 
rapid mechanical filters are in use. 
Scavenging and Disposal of Refuse. 
House to house collections are made in most towns.. 
In the larger towns motor collecting vans are in use, 
in the smaller ones bullock carts. In Singapore, Penang 
and Kuala Lumpur disposal is by burning in forced 
draught destructors, in the other towns disposal is 
by slow burning incinerators or by dumping. 
