( 2 ) 
fossil resin and is the most valuable. The resin 
is valued locally at from $12.00 to $16.00 per picul.* 
Large amounts are collected in Sumatra and other 
parts of the Netherlands Indies, Borneo, and the 
Philippine Islands. Much the largest part collected 
in the whole region passes through Singapore. The 
export for 1920 amounted to 70,125 pikuls (4,174.1 
tons) with a value of $2,572,097 (£300,128). The 
average value declared for the exported material 
during the past 25 years has been about $15.00 per 
pikul, but it has at times been valued at considerably 
more than twice this amount. The resin is sent to 
Europe and America and is used in the manufacture 
of the finer grades of varnish, patent leather, and 
sealing wax. It is also suitable for the manufacture 
of cheap soaps and paper size. The collection of 
the resin is arduous work and it is very little done 
now in the Peninsula, although there are large 
exports from the Bornean countries. The resin is 
known in the Philippine Islands as Almaciga and 
in Europe as Manila Copal. The tree is very closely 
related to the Kauri Pine of New Zealand and the 
resin has, apparently, the same properties as that 
derived from Kauri. It is but little used locally, 
except in torches and native medicine. Sometimes 
small bits of the fresh semiliquid gum are applied 
to the feet to prevent the attacks of leeches. It 
would be possible to increase considerably the out- 
turn of this resin by a systematic tapping of the 
trees, but careful organization and supervision would 
be needed. It is claimed that a large tree can be 
so tapped as to yield more than a pikul of the 
resin per year, but it has not been proved that this 
can be done without serious injury to the tree. 
* 133£ lbs. 
