74 WorsdelL — -The Structure and Morphology of the ‘ Ovule! 
Hesperis matronalis differed from both of the last two plants, inasmuch 
as the leafy structure bearing the inner integument consisted solely of the 
outer integument , as is shown by its sheathing base and by the fact that 
the margins of the lamina passed gradually over into this sheath (Figs. 12 
and 20). Hence our author terms it the ‘ basal lamina ’ (Grundspreite). 
The funicle takes therefore no part in its formation. In this plant the 
ovule frequently appeared as a simple leaflet bearing the nucellus on its 
upper surface ; this leaflet cannot be the outer integument, because for- 
mation of the inner integument being always the primary process this 
latter organ could not arise as an emergence from the surface of the outer 
integument ; it must also be situated invariably on the lower surface of 
the latter. The leaflet in question must therefore contain within itself 
both the inner and the outer integuments. This case resulted from the 
proliferating tendency setting in at the period when the ovule was nothing 
but a mere undifferentiated rudiment, this latter containing within itself 
the two integuments in potentia. The integuments, whether the outer or 
the inner, once laid down as completely sheathing structures , never pro- 
liferate as laminae. Hesperis is particularly interesting as having exhibited 
a case of a proliferated outer integument bearing two or more inner in- 
teguments, the extra ones occurring on the lateral lobes of the leaflet 
(Fig. 13) ; this case, as our author has elsewhere pointed out, is of con- 
siderable value for the interpretation of the female parts in Cupressus 
(Fig. 14). 
With Aquilegia and its various stages of metamorphosed ovules our 
author winds up his investigations. The virescent ovules of this plant are 
probably the most difficult to understand and to unravel. The first stage, 
in which proliferation sets in rather late, shows the inner integument seated 
on the upper surface of the * basal lamina ’ ; the two lobes of the latter are 
bent back and fused together behind instead of, as in all other cases, in front 
of the inner integument. As this lamina is to constitute the outer integu- 
ment, there here occurs an apparent contradiction to the usual law of 
‘ laminar inversion ’ ; but our author finds it to be only apparent , for differ- 
entiation into an upper and a lower surface has not yet taken place in the 
inner integument. In the second stage there is an anatropous cup-shaped 
structure which, from the mode of development and the various modifica- 
tions occurring during the metamorphoses, is shown to be the inner integu- 
ment, with which the outer integument is intimately fused along its whole 
length ; the whole constituting a single undivided structure. This plant 
differs from Trifolium and Alliaria in the fact that the lower portion of 
the leaflet never grows out to form a separate individualized lamina. In 
the second stage just mentioned, where ■ proliferation * sets in early, the 
outer integument remains stationary, while the inner integument alone 
proliferates as the apical portion of the entire leaflet. The usual relation- 
