82 Worsdell . — The Structure and Morphology of the ‘ Ovule l 
Sui Generis Theory. 
Schmitz (1870); Sachs (1874); Goebel (1882-1901); Strasburger 
(1879) 5 Balfour (1901) : the ovule does not (necessarily) belong to any of the 
morphological categories, but is an independent structure, borne either on 
stem or foliar organs. 
Foliolar Theory. 
Brongniart (1844); R. Brown (1845-66); Caspary (1861); Cramer 
(1864); Prantl (1875); Warming (1878); Celakovsky (1874-1900): the 
ovule belongs morphologically to the category of the phyllome ; it is the 
homologue of a (usually) three-lobed leaflet or segment of the carpel (or female 
sporophyll), the outer integument and funicles representing the lower 
portion of the leaflet whose lateral lobes, fused across its upper or ventral 
surface, constitute a lamina having the lower surface directed towards that 
of the involute cup-shaped terminal lobe ; the representative of the inner 
integument. The nucellus is, like the eusporangium of Ferns, of the nature 
of an emergence , borne on the upper surface of the leaflet’s terminal lobe. 
The morphological value of the various parts of the ovule here set forth is 
ascertained and demonstrated by the occurrence, in teratological conditions 
of the ovule, of gradual transitions between the structure of the normal 
ovule and that of the extreme virescent organ in the form of a carpellary 
leaflet. This latter must not be regarded as a reversion to the primitive 
condition ; on the contrary, the normal ovule possesses a structure essen- 
tially primitive and archetypal. 
Bibliography. 
1. Mirbel: Observations sur la famille des vegetaux coniferes, Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat., vol. 
xv > P- 473 , iS 1 ©- 
Recherches sur la structure et le developpement de l’ovule vegetale, 1828. 
and Spach: Notes sur l’embryogenie des Pinus Lari cio, &c., Ann. d. Sci. Nat.,s£r. 2, 
vols. xix and xx, 1843. 
2 . Jaeger : Missbildungen der Gewachse (Aguilegia), 1814. 
3 . Roeper : Enumeratio Euphorb. (. Delphinium ), 1824. 
4 . Richard, L. C. : Commentatio botanica de Coniferiset Cycadeis, 1826. 
5 . Schimper, K. Fr. : On Umbelliferae, Cruciferae, Resedaceae : Salix babylonica, Papaver 
somniferum , Symphytum Zeyheri , Flora, vol. ii, 1829. 
— Beschreibung des Symphytum Zeyheri , &c., Geiger’s Magazin fur 
Pharmacie, vol. xxviii, 1835. 
6. St. Hilaire, A. de : Premier memoire sur la structure et les anomalies de la fleur des 
Resedac^es, Ann. de la Soc. d’Orleans, 1830. 
— Deuxieme memoire sur les Res^dacees, Montpellier, 1837. 
Le?ons de Botanique comp., princip. la morphologie vegetale, 1840. 
