Telangium ( Calymmatotkeca )' showing Structure . 167 
pollen- grains germinating in the pollen-chamber of Lagenostoma Lomaxi 
and L . ovoides . 
5. Correspondence in certain morphological characters between the 
synangium of Telangium Scotti and the seed Lagenostoma. 
We will deal with these subjects in succession, and the last will be 
found to involve a wholly new theory of the phylogeny of the inner 
integument. 
Firstly, association and character of impressions. Those who have had 
the pleasure of studying the numerous and beautiful plates the late Dr. Stur 
included in his ‘ Culm Flora’ and c Carbon Flora’ cannot but be impressed 
with the family likeness which seems to reign among the fronds, whether 
they are called Calymmatotkeca , Diplothmema , or Sphenopteris. Zeiller 
has expressed the view that they all belong to stems of the Lyginodendron 
type. The branching of the leaves may be dichotomous, or pinnate, or 
various combinations of both systems. These leaves are in one case found 
associated with one species of Telangium fructification. Thus T. minor 
is found associated with Sphenopteris (Diplothmemci) patentissima , and 
also with indusiate seeds which Stur calls Rhabdocarpus conchaeformis . 
Turning to records of British impressions of Telangium we have 
three — T. affine and T. bifidum from the Lower Carboniferous, and T . 
aster oides from the Upper, i. e. the Lower Coal Measures. 
T. affine is not only associated with but attached to leaves of 
Sphenopteris affinis , so much so, indeed, that Mr. Peach in the description 
of his beautiful specimens suggests that they were parasitic upon the leaf. 
The frond in this case, which is familiar to many as represented in the 
frontispiece of Hugh Miller’s e Testimony of the Rocks,’ dichotomizes freely, 
and thus exhibits a type of branching also found in Sphenopteris elegans , 
the leaf of Heterangium. T. bifidum is also found growing on leaves very 
similar in character to those of Sphenopteris affinis , as bifurcation is frequent. 
There is no reason to expect in such an advanced type as Lyginodendron 
an exact correspondence in size and form between the microsporophyll and 
the sterile frond, and with this interpretation of such fronds in view it 
is interesting to note in this latter British species the appearance of the 
synangia only on the more basal part of the leaf. 
Secondly, the association of the petrifaction T. Scotti with Lygino- 
dendron in the coal-nodules of the Gannister beds of Lancashire. Not much 
weight can be attached to the fact of the association with fragments of 
Lyginodendron owing to the great abundance of the latter in these nodules. 
But the value of the association is augmented by the fact that T. Scotti 
appears in sections of a nodule from Sharney Ford which is otherwise 
almost purely composed of the vegetative organs of Lyginodendron. It 
may also be stated that in several of the slides containing sections of 
T. Scotti there are also Lagenostoma seeds. Their close approximation 
