Generations , and General Cytology of the Uredineae. 337 
connected by a thread of kinoplasmic substance. The two become finally 
separated, and the upper one, passing through the thickened girdle, moves 
into the spermatium (Fig. 53). The lower chromatin mass passes back 
into the resting state (Fig. 54), and the process is again repeated. The 
spermatium becomes cut off from the hypha by a wall formed just above 
the thickening ring, which may be connected with the disjunction of the 
spermatium. 
As in the divisions to be described later, the nuclei sometimes show 
not a single chromatin mass, but two masses, which are drawn out 
separately towards the respective poles (Fig. 57). 
The only trace of spindle-formation was the connecting strand between 
the two separated chromatin masses. It may be that a rudimentary spindle 
is present as in the case of the conjugate divisions, but is obscured by the 
chromatin mass. The whole method of division is obviously of an ex- 
ceedingly simple type. 
When the spermatium separates from the spermatial hypha its nucleus 
is an almost homogeneous and deeply staining mass (Fig. 58), but in the 
mature state becomes larger and shows a dense network without a nucleolus. 
As in Phrag . violaceum , the mature spermatia (Fig, 59) are small cells with 
a large, dense nucleus, very little cytoplasm, a thin cell-wall and apparently 
no reserve-material. 
The spermatia, when extruded from the spermogonium, collected on the 
leaf in apparently sticky masses. Many of them seemed, as in Phragmidium , 
soon to undergo a process of degeneration, in which the staining distinction 
between nucleus and cytoplasm became lost, and in one case this process 
of disorganization was observed in some of the spermatia while they were 
still enclosed in the spermogonium. 
The spermatia were never observed germinating or taking any part in 
aecidium-formation. 
The formation of spermatia has been investigated by Sapin-Trouffy (48) 
in Uromyces Erythroni , DC., and other forms, and in Puccinia Liliacearum, 
Duby, by Poirault and Ra6iborski (48), and also by Maire (29, 30) ; the 
observations here given confirm and supplement their results. Both 
Sapin-Trouffy and Maire, however, describe two chromatin masses as 
always present on nuclear division, and consider them to be of the 
nature of chromosomes. These two structures are not always present 
in G. clavariaeforme , and they certainly cannot be considered of the 
nature of true chromosomes, as a comparison with the divisions in the 
promycelium shows, for these chromosomes are formed and are much more 
numerous. This matter will be discussed later in dealing with conjugate 
division. 
